12.1 Variation Among Genomes

DNA polymorphism

sequence differences

2 or more alleles at a locus

true

true or false: there is no such thing as a single wild type human genome

true 

true or false: there is no such thing as a standard wild type human genome length 

non anonymous DNA polymorphism

differences in genomic DNA sequence that have an effect on gene function 

potentially affects phenotype by altering the nature or amount of proteins

anonymous DNA polymorphisms

differences in genomic DNA sequence that doesn’t have an effect on gene function 

does not affect phenotype 

DNA marker

identifiable physical location on a chromosome whose inheritance can be monitored

single nucleotide polymorphism

SNP

insertion/deletion

DIP or InDel

simple sequence repeat

SSR

copy number variant

CNV

single nucleotide polymorphism

most common type of genetic variant is 

SNP

base positions in genome where alt letters of DNA alphabet distinguish some people from others

ancient derived

if SNP exists geneticists can look at relationship between human and chimpanzee to determine which allele is ( ) and which is the ( ) allele

same ancestor allele

if you and a friend share a derived allele at SNP locus

unequal crossing over

recombination following misalignment where one homologous chromosome has duplication, the other homolog has deletion

result of unequal crossing over

gametes produced have more or fewer copies of the repeating unit than the originals

simple sequence repeats

sequences of one to a few bases repeated in tandem less than 10 to more than 100 times 

different numbers of repeating units

diff alleles of SSR locus have