IPC Unit 4: Matter

Concepts 1-4

Matter

anything that takes up space and has mass

Substance

all particles in matter are identical (fixed composition)

Mixture

two or more substances physically mixed together

Element

simplest form of matter from which more complex substances are made (listed on the PT)

Compound

two or more atoms chemically bonded to one another in a fixed proportion

Melting point

temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Boiling point

temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

Viscosity

a fluid's resistance to flow; a physical property only of liquids

Solubility

the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temperature; substance's ability to dissolve

Solute

substance that is dissolved

Solvent

substance that is doing the dissolving

Solution

a homogenous mixture that has the same composition, color, density, and taste throughout.

Density

measure of compactness or consistency of a material

Combustibility

how easily a substance will set on fire

Reactivity

how easily a substance reacts, usually with an acid or base

Oxidation

how easily a substance reacts with oxygen

Chemical reaction

process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances

Law of conservation of matter

Matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical change. It only changes forms.

Colloid

Small particles remain dispersed (evenly) throughout mixture

Suspension

Larger particles that appear uniformly distributed but will settle out of the mixture over time or if not being mixed.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by a mixture

Plasma

matter composed of positively and negatively charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy

Bose-Einstein condensates

Atoms that are super-cooled to such a low temperature (almost absolute zero) that they form a 'super atom'

Heat of fusion

The amount of energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point

Heat of vaporization

The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas at its boiling point

Vaporization

The phase/state transition from liquid to gas

Evaporation

Caused by pressure change, occurs only at the surface of a liquid

Boiling

Caused by a temperature change, occurs throughout the liquid

Alloy

solution of metals dissolved in other metals

Dissociation

the process in which ionic compounds (salts, crystals) separate into ions, usually in a reversible manner

Temperature

measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object