Bio 152 Exam 1

Number of complex multicellular organisms has increased over the last billion years.

A. True

B. False

Number of complex multicellular organisms has increased over the last billion years.

A. True

B. False

A

Natural selection would favor more complex organisms.

A. True

B. False

B

What does OD measure?

A. Ecoli can survive on citrate alone

B. Amount of bacteria in solution as measured by diffracted light

C. How well each generation metabolizes glucose

D. Rate of bacterial growth

B

Why did it take so many generations for the ecoli to be able to grow on citrate?

A. B/c ecoli grows much more slowly on citrate

B. Needed to use up glucose first

C. B/c mutations are random & just need to happen

D. B/c citrate very complicated molecule

C

Would cit+ ecoli grow better in a citrate only medium or a high glucose medium?

A. Citrate only

B. Glucose only

C. You'd have to do the experiment

A

Training at high altitude increasing hemoglobin in a cyclist's blood.

A. Acclimatization

B. Adaptation

A

Big ears of long eared jerboa help it radiate heat in the desert.

A. Acclimatization

B. Adaptation

B

Mutation allowing ecoli to metabolize citrate occurred b/c ecoli were growing on citrate.

A. True

B. False

B

Why are there still bacteria?

A.

B/c disease causing organisms serve a role in nature

B. Necessary for eukaryotes to survive

C. Nothing has out competed them

C

The 'Drunkard's Walk' refers to:

A. Random changes that underlie evolution

B. How organisms develop

A

What does the OD tell us about the Ecoli?

A. How many bacteria there are in solution

B. How many generations of ecoli have elapsed

C. Ability of ecoli to use citrate

D. Whether ecoli are myopic

A

Did the ecoli adapt or acclimate to their environment?

A. Adapt

B. Acclimate

A

What is represented by the node?

A. New mutation

B. New genetic variant

C. Common ancestor

C

All the alleles of all the genes present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _ of that species.

A. Gene pool

B. Allele frequency

C. Genotype frequency

A

Interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area are called?

Populations

We can't use observable traits to measure genetic variation in populations because:

A. Observable traits don't vary enough among individuals to measure

B. Most traits are only represented by two alleles

C. Many traits are encoded by large numbers of genes & observable traits are products of the environment as well as the genome

C

At the genetic evolution, evolution is:

A. Population change over time

B. Change in frequency of an allele/genotype over time

C. Natural selection

B

When the conditions of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are met:

A. Evolution occurs

B. Evolution doesn't occur

C. Gene frequencies in population change over time

D. Gene frequencies in population don't change over time

E. None of these occur

B&D

The differential success of alleles is called:

A. Selection

B. Genetic drift

C. Fixation

D. Migration

E. Evolution

A

Which of the following are conditions of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

A. No differences in survival & reproductive success of individuals

B. Random mating

C. On going mutations

D. No migration

E. Limited gene pool

A,B,C&D

Germ line mutations are more significant than somatic mutations because:

A. Somatic mutations don't affect genomes of any cells

B. Somatic mutations generally harmful

C. Only germ line mutations appear in individual's descendants

D. Only germ line mutations can be harmful

C

The alleles D1, D2 & D3 have frequencies of 0.43, 0.30 & 0.28 respectively.

A. D1 dominant

B. D1 isn't dominant

C. Can't be determined from info given

C

60% AA, 20% Aa & 20% aa. What is the frequency of A?

A. 0.6

B. 0.8

C. 0.7

D. 0.2

E. 0.3

C

All the alleles present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _ of that species.

A. Gene pool

B. Allele frequency

C. Genotype frequency

A

Which of the following is true with respect to genetic variation?

A. Genetic variation is created by natural selection

B. Arises in response to environmental change

C. It must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population

D. Tends to be reduced by meiosis

C

Germ line mutations are more significant than somatic mutations.

This is:

A. Somatic mutations affect only one/a few cells

B. Somatic mutations are generally harmful

C. Only germ line mutations will appear in an individual's descendants

C

The differential success of alleles is called _.

A. Selection

B. Genetic drift

C. Evolution

A

Evolution is:

A. Natural selection

B. Change in fitness over time

C. Change in frequency of an allele/genotype over time

C

Which of the following is necessary for evolution by natural selection?

A. Variation in heritable traits in population

B. Differences in lifetime reproductive success based on traits

C. There must be sexual reproduction

D. Some dramatic change in the environment

A&B

Ecoli were serially cultured in a low glucose high citrate media. After ~33k generations a new phenotype emerged. What is a possible mutation that leads to this phenotype?

A. Genomic rearrangement puts promoter before previously unexpressed citrate transporter

B. New citrate catabolism pathway evolved

A

What could cause a mutation to move towards fixation?

A. Random chance

B. Grants some advantage to Ecoli

C. Both

C

Which of these give the best description of natural selection?

A. Survival of the fittest

B. Struggle for existence

C. Reproductive success of members of population best suited to environment

C

What does fitness mean in terms of natural selection?

A. Strongest organisms

B. Best able to survive organisms

C. Organisms who most successfully pass on their genes

C

The differential success of alleles in leading to reproduction is called _.

A. Fixation

B. Selection

C. Migration

B

The result of migration is to _ genetic differences along populations.

A. Reduce

B. Increase

A

Which one most consistently requires a small population as a precondition for its occurrence?

A. Mutation

B. Genetic drift

C. Gene flow

B

_ favors the extremes instead of the intermediate forms in a continuously varied trait.

A. Fixation

B. Disruptive

C. Stabilizing

B

Over time the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing:

A. Genetic drift

B. Gene flow

C. Speciation

B

What is true of natural selection?

A. Random process

B. Creates beneficial mutations

C. Mutations occur at random; natural selection can preserve & distribute beneficial mutations

C

They trample all but three of the flowers. This is an example of:

A. Genetic drift

B. Mutation

C. Migration

A

The non adaptive mechanisms of evolutionary change are:

A. Migration, mutation & genetic drift

B. Mutation, sexual selection & genetic drift

C. Migration, sexual selection & genetic drift

A

Why doesn't the second generation of beans from group A change mean size?

A. Not subject to evolution

B. Trait does not vary in heritable way

C. Trait too complex

B

How can there be various sizes of A beans when the trait isn't heritable?

A. Somatic mutations

B. Differences in growth mutations

C. Experimental error

B

What could account for the dramatic difference in chimp & human allele frequencies?

A. Population collapse in humans

B. Population collapse in chimps

A

In Northern Angola the allele frequency for Hbs is 18.18%. This means that ~18% of population suffers from severe sickle cell anemia.

A. True

B. False

B

45% AA, 35% Aa & 20% aa. If you assume a population of 100, how many total copies of the gene are there?

A. 100

B. 200

C. 400

B

45% AA, 35% Aa & 20% aa. What is the frequency of 'a' allele?

A. 55%

B. 20%

C. 37.5%

C

Will black squirrels eventually disappear/become more common?

A. Likely disappear b/c black allele is rare

B. Become more common b/c black allele is dominant

C. If there is selection for one of the phenotype a the genotype that gives rise to it will likely become more common

C

AA: 0.08, Aa: 0.28 & aa: 0.64. From these data calculate allele frequency of A allele in population.

A. 0.08

B. 0.36

C. 0.44

D. 0.16

E. 0.22

E

Allele frequency of 'a' is 25% & there are 10% heterozygotes, how many homozygous AA are there in a population of 100?

A. 35

B. 50

C. 20

D. 70

D

In Northern Angola, the allele frequency for Hbs is 18.18%. What percentage of population suffer from sickle cell?

A. ~9%

B. 36%

C. Not enough information

C

If a mixed population of labs were allowed to breed freely, chocolate lava would eventually disappear because black coloration is dominant.

A. True

B. False

B

Genotypes will be:

BB: 0.03

Bb: ?

bb: 0.68

A. 0.144

B. 0.288

C. 0.815

D. 0.412

B

If using a decimal for frequency, what can be said of p & q?

A. P>q

B. P

D

Even if there was strong selection on these alleles at one point, one generation of random mating and no evolutionary mechanisms acting on these alleles will result in genotype frequencies that conform to HW.

A. True

B. False

A

You find that a wild population of antelope is not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. From this information alone, can you determine the mechanism of evolution operating on the population?

A. Yes

B. No

B

The frequency of the a allele is 0.2.

What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?

A. 0.2

B. 2.0

C. 4.0

D. 16.0

E. 32.0

E

In a Hardy Weinberg population with two alleles, A & a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.3. What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for this allele?

A. 0.9

B. 0.49

C. 9.0

D. 49.0

E. 90.0

C

Could the population be in HW at the B/b allele & not at the D/d allele?

A. Yes

B. No

A

Is having a backbone an example of convergent evolution in these mammals?

A. Yes

B. No

B

Are wings an example of convergent evolution?

A. Yes

B. No

A

Why did genomic rearrangement occur?

A. Ecoli could make use of citrate

B. Fitness advantage

C. Error during DNA replication

D. Lack of glucose

C

Change in environment leads to more phenotypic variation in species, variants most successful more fit & have more reproductive success.

A. True

B. False

B

For species to adapt to new situation, variability in phenotype must already exist.

A. True

B. False

A

What must be true for evolution by natural selection to take place?

A. Heritable variation must exist in population

B. Source of DNA mutation

C. Some phenotypes reproduce more than others

D. Sexual reproduction

A&C

All preconditions for evolution by natural selection hold true for artificial selection except:

A. Variation in trait must exist in population

B. Variation must lead to differences among individuals in reproductive success

C. Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to next generation

D. All true

D

With careful selective breeding do you think you'd be able to breed a wolf from a chihuahua?

A. Yes

B. No

B

Is whisker length in mice likely to be governed exclusively by single gene w/ dominant & recessive allele?

A. Yes, medium length likely dominant

B. Yes, impossible to tell dominant from recessive

C. No, if governed exclusively then it would be binary distribution

C

What is a source of genetic variations in humans?

A. Somatic mutations

B. Germaine mutations

C. Crossing over during meiosis

B&C

If there is a fitness advantage to one genotype then:

A. p2+2pq+q2=1

B. Expected values from HW will match

C. Expected values from HW won't match

D. p+q=1

C&D

Some genes resist Black Death; rare in Indian populations but very common in Rroma people (migrate from India); what might account for this?

A. Positive selection

B. Stabilizing selection

C. Disruptive selection

D. Negative selection

A

If you were to serially culture C, it would eventually acclimate to glycerol based media.

A. True

B. False

B

The allele frequency for the sickle cell trait is 0.16. What is the frequency of the unmutated allele?

A. 0.04

B. 0.026

C. 0.74

D. 0.84

D

Grown in citrate, generation 34,000 should read an OD of ~0.25 after 24 hours.

A. True

B. False

A

The trait that allowed for the change seen after generation 33,000 existed in initial culture.

A. True

B. False

B

Trait allowed change seen after gen 33,000 is result of single Ecoli acclimating to media the passing trait to progeny.

A. True

B. False

B

Citrate media caused Ecoli to develop mutation, allowed them to grow better.

A. True

B. False

B

Population must have variability in traits, some of which lead to more reproductive success than others in evolution by natural selection.

A. True

B. False

A

Evolution by natural selection doesn't always lead to adaptation.

A. True

B. False

B

Evolution by natural selection always leads to most efficient adaptation to given challenge.

A. True

B. False

B

Asexual species subject to evolution but not natural selection b/c they can't have differential reproductive success through evolution by natural selection.

A. True

B. False

B

Whatever phenotype survives longest is most fit according to evolution by natural selection.

A. True

B. False

B

It would be possible to select traits in modern corn to wind up with a teosinte like plant.

A. True

B. False

B

Evolution _ adaptive change over time.

A. Always involves

B. Sometimes involves

C. Never involves

B

Evolution _ selection of the most for phenotype & genotype.

A. Always involves

B. Sometimes involves

C. Never involves

B

Evolution _ a decrease in fitness.

A. Always involves

B. Sometimes involves

C. Never involves

B

Evolution _ changes in species over time such that descendants differ from ancestors.

A. Always involves

B. Sometimes involves

C. Never involves

A

Evolution _ an increase in allelic diversity in response to environmental change.

A. Always involves

B. Sometimes involves

C. Never involves

C

Gene flow can act to increase allelic variability in population.

A. True

B. False

A

Recombination during meiosis can increase allelic variability in population.

A. True

B. False

A

Somatic mutations can increase allelic variability in population.

A. True

B. False

B

Allele frequency of dominant allele is 15% & 20% plant are heterozygotes. How many homozygous rr plants do I have, if I'm growing 100 plants?

A. 80

B. 65

C. 85

D. 75

D

Number of yellow pea plants is 25%. What should percentage of recessive allele be in this population?

A. 25

B. 5

C. 6.25

D. 8.6

E. Not enough information

E

I will eventually have all yellow peas b/c green is recessive trait.

A. Yes

B. No

B

Assume HWE in population. Yellow only happens in fully recessive state (ee), homozygous dominant (EE)/heterozygous dominant (Ee) will be brown/black. Frequency of e allele is 0.25. What's the percentage of population that's yellow?

A. 3.75

B. 6.25

C. 25.0

D. 5.0

B

Individuals w/ straight hair homozygous for S allele, while curly hair homozygous for c allele, wavy hair are heterozygous (Sc). In population of 1,000, 250 have straight hair, 400 have curly hair & 350 have wavy hair. Is this population in HWE?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Impossible to determine

B

In dominant state (T) cats have normal coloration. If recessive allele is homozygous (tt) the cats have Siamese coat color pattern. If you assume a very large population w/ frequencies TT:0.25, Tt:0.5 & tt:0.25, is the population in HWE?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Impossible to determine

A