Physiology Exam 2 Chapter 22

What are the four endurance training adaptations

Capillarity

Mitochondrial density

Fiber Type

Fuel Utilization

How does endurance training affect fiber type

It products a shift from fast to slow fiber (mostly from hybrid) that makes you more aerobic

How long do fiber shifts take in response to training and what affects the magnitude of change

It takes months or years for the fibers to shift, and this process is affected by the duration and intensity of training.

Endurance training affect on capillaries

Increases the amount of capillaries which allows you to have great oxidative capacity

Endurance training affect on mitochondria

More and larger mitochondria

Increased mitochondria after five days

Can double the mitochondria amount in 6 weeks

Detraining for one week makes you lose 50%

Effects that the numerous and larger mitochondria have

Leads to lower ADP in sarcoplasm which

1. Lowers the PFK and creatine kinase activity

2. Lowered PFK activity leads to less lactate

3. lower creatine kinase leads to less depleted PC stores

4. Less H leads to maintained blood pH

Endurance training effect on oxygen uptake

training leads to increased oxygen uptake in first 3 minutes because you are more aerobic- this leads to less lactate production and less PC depletion

NO CHANGE in steady state

3 ways training improves fat metabolism

1. Increased Fat mobilization into muscle

2. Increased transport from cytoplasm into mitochondria

3. Increased mitochondrial oxidation

How is transport of FFA into the muscle increased

Increased FAT (fatty acid translocase)

Increased fatty acid binding protein

Increased capillary density slows blood flow

How is transport of fatty acids from cyotplasm into mitochondria increased

Increased FAT

Increased CTP-1

How is mitochondrial Oxidation of FFA increased

1. Increased beta oxidation enzymes

2. increased acetyl for krebs

3. high citrate inhibits PFK

Why do we want to train

Adaptations from training turns us into fat bruning machine

spares glucose to use as a kick at the end