The Americans Chapter 26

United Nation (UN) (26.1)

The international organization that works to settle disagreements, improve the way people live, and keep peace around the world.

Satellite Nations (26.1)

Countries dominated by the Soviet Union.

Containment (26.1)

Taking measure to prevent any extension of communism.

Iron Curtain (26.1)

Division of Europe.

Cold War (26.1)

War between US and USSR.

Truman Doctrine (26.1)

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.

Marshall Plan (26.1)

A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

Berlin Airlift (26.1)

Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (26.1)

A military defense alliance that included the US, Canada, most western European nations and turkey all of whom agreed to combine military forces and to treat a war against one as a war against one as a war against all.

Chiang Kai-Shek (26.2)

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. He became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong (26.2)

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the Communists on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China.

Taiwan (Formosa) (26.2)

Place where Chiang and Nationalists fled to after being defeated by Zedong.

38th Parallel (26.2)

Japanese northern troops surrendered to the Soviets.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) (DPRK) (26.2)

1948 formed in the North under Kim il Sung. He claimed right to control all Korea. June 1950 invades South Korea.

Republic of Korea (South Korea) (ROK) (26.2)

1948 formed in South under Syngman Rhee. He claimed right to control all Korea.

Korean War (26.2)

The conflict that followed the crossing of the 38th parallel by the North Korean Forces that was a surprise attack to South Korea.

General Douglas MacArthur (26.2)

Recommends bombing China; Truman says no; MacArthur publicly disagrees. April 1951-Truman recalls MacArthur.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) (26.3)

Government agency whose purpose was to investigate possible Communist influence in the US film industry.

Loyalty Review Board (26.3)

Investigated the "loyalty" of 3.2 million government employees.

Hollywood Ten (26.3)

Group of ten people in the film industry who were jailed for refusing to answer congressional questions regarding Communist influence in Hollywood.

Blacklist (26.3)

A list of people who are condemned for having a Communistic background.

Joseph McCarthy (26.3)

United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists. Senator from Wisconsin.

McCarthyism (26.3)

Term used to refer to an unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without producing evidence.

Alger Hiss (26.3)

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Whittaker Chambers (26.3)

Man who accused Alger Hiss of being a Communist spy.

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg (26.3)

Minor activists in the American Communist Party; denied it but were found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death.

H-Bomb (26.4)

Hydrogen Bomb. US development immediately after Russia explodes first atom bomb in 1949.

Dwight "Ike" D. Eisenhower (26.4)

Leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA.

John Foster Dulles (26.4)

Eisenhower's Secretary of State who proposes policy of brinkmanship.

Brinkmanship (26.4)

Willingness to use all force against aggressor nation. Requires massive force as a threat.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (26.4)

Gather intelligence abroad and weaken/undermine governments friendly to the USSR.

CIA Assignment - Iran 1953 (26.4)

CIA works to overthrow the leader of Iran, Mossadegh, in order to de-nationalize oil industry and move out of USSR sphere

CIA Assignment - Guatemala 1954 (26.4)

CIA trained forced to overthrow Guatemala leader Jacobo Guzman; Guzman had re-distributed land to peasants.

Warsaw Pact (26.4)

Military alliance with satellite nations.

Suez Canal Crisis (26.4)

1956 Egyptian president Nasser seizes control of Suez Canal after France and Britain withdraw financial support for new Egyptian dam over Nasser's friendliness to USSR. France, Britain, and Israel invade Egypt; USSR threatens to bomb France and Britain; US threatens to intervene. Crisis ends with United Nations negotiated cease fire.

Eisenhower Doctrine (26.4)

1957 US pledges to defend the Middle East from Communist aggression.

Sputnik (26.4)

October 4, 1957 Soviets launch the first man-made satellite into space. Causes fear in US because if they can send a satellite into space, they can send a missile into space too.

Nikita Khrushchev (26.4)

Gained power in the Soviet Union after Stalins death.

Francis Gary Powers (26.4)

U-2 spy plane Pilot.

U-2 Spy Plane Incident (26.4)

1960 Ike and Khrushchev meet in summit, a U-2 spy plane is shot down over USSR and Drancis Gary Powers in captured.