U.S. History Midterms

Industrial Age, Becoming a World Power, The 1920's - Great Depression - New Deal, The 1920's - World War II

Immigration

people going from other countries with push factors like religious oppression to America which had pull factors like new job opportunities and the American Dream

Industrialization

the changing of having an agriculture reliant economy to one that’s mainly manufacturing

Government Regulation

the government was super corrupt and practiced Laissez-Faire

Working Conditions

they were super dangerous as places were not clean, they were fire hazards, and people got hurt, sick, or died from these

Labor Unions

people going on strike to protest the inhumane working conditions and minimal pay

Progressives

people that were interested in establishing a more transparent and accountable government which would work to improve U.S. society. These reformers favored such policies as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers.

Corporations

big businesses

Collective Bargaining

employees negotiating on their wage/pay

Gospel of Wealth

A book by Andrew Carnegie saying one should give away money in their lifetime

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

Strike

workers not doing their job in protest of better rights

Homestead Strike

a big, bloody, strike at Carnegie steel that he brought in Frick to handle, who used the Pinkertons, while Andrew Carnegie went to Switzerland to protect his image

John D. Rockefeller

the richest man in his time and he owned pretty much all of the oil in the country; robber baron

Cornelius Vanderbilt

got rich off of the railroad industry and shipping; robber baron

Captain of Industry

people who used their wealth to help the people and make the community better

Sweatshop

a sweatshop or sweat factory is a crowded workplace with very poor, socially unacceptable, or illegal working conditions, like poor ventilation, little to no breaks, inadequate work space, insufficient lighting, or uncomfortably/dangerously high or low temperatures

The Jungle

a book that a Muckraker wrote, Upton Sinclair, that talks about the horrific conditions in the meat processing industry and about the conditions of the workers

Chinese Exclusion

was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years; it was meant to curb the number of Chinese immigrants because the American people were upset at the number of jobs the Chinese immigrants took from them

NAWSA (National Women’s Suffrage Association)

fought for women’s right to vote, led by Lucy; is the merged version of two existing organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association

Laissez-Faire

the government is not caring about what private corporations did and let them have a lot of freedom

Knights of Labor

the first major labor organization in the United States

AFL (American Federation of Labor)

founded by several unions of skilled workers in 1886 and was marked the beginning of a continuous large-scale labor movement in the United States.

Tenements

housing where multiple people lived under one roof; built for the influx of immigrants coming in to the country

Trust

monopolies or near-monopolies in the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and early 20th century

Monopoly

large companies that controlled an industry or a sector, giving them the ability to control the prices of the goods and services they provided

Andrew Carnegie

owner of Carnegie Steel which was a monopoly and he was the second richest guy after Rockefeller; wanted to be more rich than him so he abused his workers through their wage; robber baron

Social Darwinism

belief of survival of the fittest

Carnegie Steel

a monopoly owned by Andrew Carnegie

Standard Oil

a monopoly owned by John D. Rockefeller

Jacob Riis

muckraker photographer who took pictures of people inn bad parts of cities

Political Machines

a political organization in which a person or small group with authority that has enough votes or is popular enough to have control over political administration or any type of government in a city, county, or state.

NWP (National Woman’s Party)

an American women's political organization that fought for women's rights to vote for more than a century.

Labor Union

associations of workers formed to protect workers' rights and advance their interests that were necessary for the establishment of workers' rights during the Second Industrial Revolution

Stocks

a security that represents the ownership of a fraction of the issuing corporation

Division of Labor

the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons

Ellis Island

island in New York where immigrants came to go the U.S.

Coal

resourse that became the largest source of energy in the 1880s, when it overtook wood, and remained the largest source until the early 1950s, when coal was exceeded by petroleum

Robber Baron

a person who has become rich through ruthless and unethical business practices

JP Morgan

a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small business, commercial banking, financial transactions processing and asset management; bought Carnegie Steel

Nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Sensationalism

the use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest or excitement.

Gilded Age

a period of economic growth as the United States jumped to the lead in industrialization ahead of Britain

Eugene Debs

an American socialist, political activist, and trade unionist that made his famous anti-war speech protesting World War I which was raging in Europe

Tammy Hall

the main political machine Boss Tweed used to ensure votes

Pure Food and Drug Act

result of the publication of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair; improved the food-making facilities to provide better quality food, but didn’t help the workers

Urban

city area

Manufacturing

making something

Textile Factory

place where fibre is made into yarn, and then the yarn into fabric

Muckrakers

journalists who exposed the bad of the Gilded Age and the corruption in the government; Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis

Push/Pull Factors

something that makes someone want to leave their country or go to another country

Railroads Industry

transformed transportation in the country, opened the way for the settlement of the West, provided new economic opportunities, stimulated the development of town and communities, and generally tied the country together

Mass Production

caused by the division of labor and the increasing prevalence of machines in factories and greatly increased the number of products made

Child Workers

minors who were made to do dangerous work and their wages were given to the older sister or mother

Upton Sinclair

muckraker that wrote The Jungle

Political Corruption

the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain; forms of it vary, but can include bribery, lobbying, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement

Alliance

a union or association formed for mutual benefit between countries

Interventionism

a political practice that encourages military, diplomatic, and economic intervention in foreign countries

Nationalism

love for ones country

Neutrality

not getting involved in a conflict like a war

Lusitiana

The passenger ship the Germans blew up because they thought it was transporting weapons to England; made America join WWI

League of Nations

n organization created after WWI to prevent another world war that was America’s idea but America didn’t join because they didn’t want to be involved in another world war when it inevitably happened

Puerto Rico

a territory owned by America

Emilio Aguinaldo

a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines

Imperialism

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Hawaii

a state in the ocean made up of lots of islands

Sphere of Influence

the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory

Propaganda

carefully curated information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread, usually to preserve the self-interest of a nation

Liberty Bonds

a debt obligation issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury in conjunction with the Federal Reserve; it was a war bond as a means to finance the U.S.' participation in World War I and the Allied war effort in Europe.

Woodrow Wilson

president during WWI who wanted to remain neutral because of the diversity in the country

Philippines

island near China that was fighting with Spain, and America helped them just to colonize them because they wanted access to China for trade and to build a military base on the island

Schenck v. United States

a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I and concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to express freedom of speech against the draft during World War I

Isolationism

advocated non-involvement in European and Asian conflicts and non-entanglement in international politics

Spanish-American War

the revolution between the Philippines and Spain that America got involved in and helped the Philippines win

Anti-imperialists

people who were opposed forced expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed"

Zimmerman Telegraph

telegraph from the Germans to Mexico saying they would help Mexico take land from America that Great Britain intercepted and told America; reason why they joined the war

Selective Service

an act that required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service

USS Maine

a battleship that was sunk by a massive explosion of unknown origin in Cuba's Havana harbor

World Power

a political unit (such as a nation or state) powerful enough to affect the entire world by its influence or actions

Open Door Policy

a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 that called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity

Yellow Journalism

journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales; sensationalism

Mobilization

organization of the armed forces of a nation for active military service in time of war or other national emergency

Fourteen Points

a proposal made by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in a speech before Congress on January 8, 1918, outlining his vision for ending World War I in a way that would prevent such a conflagration from occurring again by not blaming anyone for the war and having ways for the whole world to improve.

Free Enterprise

the freedom of individuals and businesses to regulation

New Deal I & II

a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans

Herbert Hoover

31st president; created Hoovervilles

Drought

caused the southern plain in America to get really dry and created a dust storm that destroyed crops and made the Great Depression worse

Red Scare

the promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism

Bonus Army

A group of almost 20,000 World War I veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression, who wanted what the government owed them for their services and "saving" democracy

Fireside Chats

talk FDR had over the radio to calm people down and make them feel like they were actually talking to the president

Al Capone

crime boss that ruled an empire of crime in the Windy City: gambling, prostitution, bootlegging, bribery, narcotics trafficking, robbery, “protection” rackets, and murder

Great Depression

the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from the stock market crash of 1929 to 1939

Bootlegging

the illegal manufacture, transport, distribution, or sale of alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition period

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

an ambitious employment and infrastructure program created by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, during the bleakest days of the Great Depression.

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority Act)

a federal corporation that built a dam that provided jobs and tackled important problems facing the valley, such as flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses, and replanting forests.

Sacco & Vanzetti

men that were Italian charged with committing robbery and murder; their execution sparked worldwide protests against the repression of Italian Americans, immigrants, labor militancy, and radical political beliefs

Hoovervilles

groups of dwellings for the homeless that were unemployed and desperate for shelter

Bank Holiday

ordering by FDR that all banks in the United States be closed until government audits declared them solvent

Speakeasy

an establishment in the business of selling alcoholic beverages illegally

Prohibition

banning of alcohol; 18th amendment

Jimmy Braddock

nickname: Cinderella Man; boxer during the roaring 20’s and Great Depression that rose from the depths of suffering and was a story of hope, but it was the exception, not the rule