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What is the difference between the terms "mind" and "brain" ?
The mind is a function of behavior whereas the brain is a physical organ.
List all the levels of study in Cog-neuroscience starting the the highest functioning/most complex layer
Context, Individual differences, Experience, Emotions, Brain regions, Neural communication and Hormones
What part do neurons play in the flow of information in the brain?
Transmission, Reception and Creation of information
What are the four main components of a neuron?
Dendrites, Axon, Cell body and Synapses
What was the term given to the school of thought regarding brain information: outlined as a system of connective tissue with no hierarchy that fires continuously?
Nerve Nets
What is the term given to the school of thought regarding brain information: outlined as a system of individual cells, with hierarchy, which only connect to other specific cells?
Neuron Doctrine
True or false? the Neuron Doctrine says that all individual cells fire continuously, all the time.
False
Who founded the Neuron Doctrine?
Ramon Y Cajal
What is Proprioception?
The internal feeling of movement in the body
What is Nociception?
The feeling of pain
Who was the first person to record electrical activity at the axon level in 1920?
Edgar Adrian
What is the name given to the electrical potential of a neuron that has a negative electrical charge INSIDE the axon?
Resting
What is the name given to the electrical potential of a neuron that has a positive electrical charge INSIDE the neuron?
Action
What is the rate of firing in a neuron that is experiencing low intensity stimulus?
Slow
What is the rate of firing in a neuron that is experiencing high intensity stimulus?
rapid
Why do Neuroscientists tend to only record neurons related to touch and sight?
Because they can consciously control the stimulus
What is the part of the neuron that helps to bridge the gap and pass information on to other neurons?
Synapse
What form of "communication" happens at the synapses between two neurons?
Biochemical
What is the name for the hormones that are secreted at the synapse?
Neurotransmitters
If the mind simulates a representation of reality what must be true at the neuron level?
Everything we experience must have a representation at the neuron level
What is the name given to the neurons that respond best to a specific stimulus?
Feature detectors
Give an example of a feature detector?
Neurons in the visual cortex
Who were the two scientists that proved that different feature detectors perceive different information about features of objects. (They used cats in their study).
Hubel and Wiesel
What is the area of the brain that specifies in facial detection?
Fusiform Gyrus
What does Experience defendant plasticity mean for feature detectors?
As we progress in our experiences, we hone in our feature detectors
What is the term given to the process that perceives information in a specific order. Moving from lower to higher functioning areas in the brain?
Hierarchical Processing
What is the general trend in neural processing as stated by hierarchical processing?
Moves from low complexity to high complexity
What is the process that deals with the representation of sensory information in the neurons?
Sensory Coding
What type of coding is represented by a specific neuron that fires for its given stimulus?
Specificity
What type of coding is represented by multiple neurons firing simultaneously for its given stimulus?
Population
What type of coding is represented by a pattern of a small group of neurons firing in a circuit for its given stimulus?
Sparse
Which is the most efficient type of sensory coding?
Sparse
What directions are Superior and inferior referring to in the brain?
Above and Below
What directions are Anterior and Posterior referring to in the brain?
Front and back
What directions are Lateral and Medial referring to in the brain?
Outside and inside
What is meant by localisation of function?
That specific functions occupy specific areas in the brain
What functions occupy the frontal lobe?
Motor control, Executive control and abstract thinking
What functions occupy the parietal lobe?
Sensory cortex, attention, creativity and knowledge integration
What functions occupy the occipital lobe?
Visual cortex
What functions occupy the temporal lobe?
Memory, language and hearing
Why is the temporal lobe the least understood area of the brain?
The area appears warped/inaccurate on MRI and other brain imagery
What functions occupy the cerebellum?
Movement co-ordination, balance, rhythm and proprioception
What is the special property of the cerebellum when there is damage to other lobes/centres?
It takes over other functions in the brain when there is damage to other lobes
What functions occupy the brain stem?
Biological functions like breathing and heart rate
Give an example of process that has functions found in two different areas of the brain?
Language production and comprehension
What is the name of the area that produces language in the frontal lobe?
Brocca's area
What is the name of the area that comprehends language in the temporal lobe?
Wernicke's area