Vitamins, OTC, Med Safety

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo Biloba

to improve/preserve memory

St. John's Wort

depression; anxiety

milk thistle

lower cholesterol; liver issues

Echinacea

Immunity boost; common cold

Valerian

sleep problems

ginger

morning sickness during pregnancy or other GI issues

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Anemia and spinal cord demyelination

Vitamin C deficiency

scurvy, easy bruising, poor wound healing

Vitamin K deficiency

reduced blood clotting, excessive bleeding, and bruising

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Beri-Beri

Vitamin A deficiency

dry skin / hair and night blindness

Vitamin D deficiency

bone loss, ricketts, nervousness, insomnia, and muscle weakness

Each of the following drug dosage forms is on the "Do Not Crush" list, except:

immediate-release tablets

The following are true regarding OTC drugs except:

OTC drugs are not considered safe to use without physician supervision

Which of the following drug classifications is not considered a common drug allergy?

oral hypoglycemic

All of the following OTC drugs are effective in treatment of pain. Which drug would be safe to use if someone has Gl issues?

Diclofenac Sodium

Which of the following would be an appropriate way to express strength for a medication?

50 mg

Which of the following oral analgesic drugs is not an NSAID and therefore is not contraindicated to take with a blood thinner?

tylenol

To avoid medication errors, pharmacies will implement error prevention strategies. Which of the following is not an error prevention strategy?

keeping drugs within the same classification in the same area of the pharmacy inventory

Pain

Lidocaine, Excedrin

Constipation

Senokot, Citrucel

Nasal Congestion

Mucinex D, Pseudoephedrine

Allergies

Flonase, Loratadine

Cough

Mucinex DM, Vicks Formula 44

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Nexium, Omeprazole

This classification of drug should be avoided with people who have dementia, because it can cause delirium. This is an example of a drug-disease interaction.

anticholinergics

Which of the following drug classes is considered a high-alert medication?

insulin

An undesired, unexpected, or dangerous reaction to a drug.

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Occurs when two or more drugs combined together yield a response, when the drugs by themselves are not enough

Additive Response

The range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events

Therapeutic Index

Altering the therapeutic effects of a drug, changing the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics, by administering it concurrently with another drug

Therapeutic Incompatibility

A reaction to a drug that makes a patient susceptible to respond the same way to a similar drug that is chemically similar.

cross sensitivity

A change in the chemical properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms as a result of a reaction between more than two substances

Chemical Incompatibility

When two drugs from the same class are given together.

Therapeutic Duplication

Occurs when the effect of two chemicals or drugs taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effect at the same doses.

Synergistic Response

Occurs when the effect of one drug is canceled or reduced due to presence of another drug

Antagonistic Response

Changes caused by the interaction of two or more substances; evident through insolubility, immiscibility, or liquefaction of a solid.

Physical Incompatibility

Each of the following drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, except:

Ranitidine

Addiction, drowsiness, nausea, and upset stomach are examples of

side effects

Which non-profit organization focuses on preventing medication errors.

ISMP

A post-surgical patient has been prescribed narcotic pain medication. Which type of laxative would be best suited for them to take to offset opioid-induced constipation?

Docusate Sodium

A patient is trying to decide whether to begin a prescribed hemotherapy drug. The patient is aware that this is the best treatment option for their cancer, but is concerned about the severity and range of side effects. Weighing these factors is an example of:

risk-to-benefit ratio

If an patient is prescribed a blood thinner drug, which supplemental Vitamin would be flagged during a Drug Utilization Review?

Vitamin K

Which type of food should be avoided when taking statin drugs?

grapefruit juice

Fat-Soluble

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

Vitamin K

Vitamin E

higher potential for toxicity

Water-soluble

Ascorbic Acid

Riboflavin

Vitamin B1

Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B6

Folic Acid

Vitamin E

Niacin