Untitled Flashcards Set

Why are ethical theories called Ideal Theories?

They're Ideal Theories because in a perfect world, they could work as answers to ethical questions.

What are Consequentialist theories concerned with?

Consequentialist theories are concerned with consequences, results, and the bigger picture in a situation.

What characterizes Non-Consequentialist theories?

Non-Consequentialist theories are concerned with the actions taken rather than the goals.

Why is Kant's theory called Deontology?

It is concerned with the duties of a person, regardless of the goal they are trying to reach.

What does Eudaimonia mean in Aristotle's philosophy?

Eudaimonia is a state of happiness, loosely translating to 'good spirit'.

Who are the proponents of Utilitarianism?

Jeremy Benthem and John Stuart Mill.

What does Kant believe morality must be grounded in?

Reason or rationality.

What is one problem with Kant's ethics?

Kant's ethics does not allow a lot of flexibility in complex situations and neglects the importance of consequences.

What is one problem with Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism emphasizes 'decided preference', making it challenging to calculate the right outcome since people's preferences vary.

What is one problem with Virtue Ethics (Aristotle)?

Aristotle's virtue ethics neglects the action at hand, lacking actual rules for making the right decisions.

What is a virtue, for Aristotle?

A virtue, or arete, are the traits required to lead the best life possible.

What motivated Kant to construct a secular ethics?

During Kant's time, there was a movement away from religion, which used to be the main source of ethics.

According to Jacques Ellul, what is the difference between The Sacred and The Holy?

The Sacred is privilege placed on a thing or community of high value, while The Holy is privilege placed on humanity and humanness.