Genetics/meiosis test 🧬🧬

allele

allele

one form of a gene

one letter

gene

Dna that codes for proteins that determine traits

two letters

dominant

the trait that always appears when it is present

recessive

the trait exhibited when the dominant trait ISNT present

gamete

a reproductive cell →sperm and eggs

haploids

haploid

• a cells w one copy of each chromosome

• gametes are haploids

  • represented with ‘n’

diploid

a cell with two copies of each chromosome

decribes somatic cells

represented w ‘2n’

homologous chromosome

maternal and parental copy of the same chromosome

only in diploid cells

NOT IDENTICAL

sister chromatid

identical copies of the same chromosome in duplicated chromosomes

IDENTICAL

zygote

diploid cell creates when sperm and egg combine→ blueprint for new organism

geneotype

genetic make up

phenotype

physical trait

homo zygous

when dominant is with dominant and recessive is with recessive

AA dominant homozygous

aa recessive homozygous

heterozygous

when recessive and dominant alleles are mixed

Aa heterozygous dominant

CAN ONLY MAKE DOMINANT

purebread

only has one genotype in the family

hybrid

has multiple genotypes in the family

monosomy

one copy of a chromosome

trisomy

3 copies of a chromosome

Mendel’s law of diminance

when given pure parents, only one trait appears (dominant trait)

mendel’s law of segregation

each gamete recieves 1 allele for each trait

• only one parent allele ends up in the sperm/egg

• don’t know until the off spring is born

mendel’s law of independent assortment

alleles separate to gametes only

• inheriting one trait does not affect another trait(unless they’re super close on the chromosomes)

• demonstrated using dihybrid crosses