10.1: Structural and Functional Organization of Muscles

What are the 5 main functions of muscles?

* movement
* stability
* control of openings and passages
* thermogenesis
* glycemic control

Endomysium

thin connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

What is the main function of the endomysium?

create space for blood vessels and nerve fibers to reach to nourish/excite muscle fibers

Perimysium

thick connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers together into a fascicle

Fascicle

Bundle of muscle fibers bound together by surrounding perimysium

What is the main function of the perimysium?

form fascicles. Carry larger blood vessels, larger nerves, and stretch receptors

Epimysium

fibers sheath that surrounds entire muscle

What is there main function of the Epimysium?

connect muscle to fascia

Fascia

Connective tissue that separates muscles from other muscle groups or subcutaneous tissue

What are the seven muscle classifications based on fascia oreintation?

* fusiform
* parallel
* triangular
* unipennate
* bipennate
* multipennate
* circular

What are the two types of muscle attachments

* direct
* indirect

Direct Attachment

muscle fibers bound seemingly directly to bone by collagenous fibers

Indirect Attachment

muscle fibers attach to bone by tendon

Origin

stationary point of muscle attachment

Insertion

moving pain of muscle attachment

Action

efforts produced by muscle

What are the two classifications of muscle location in relation to the region they act on?

* intrinsic
* extrinsic

Intrinsic Muscles

muscles located entirely in region they act on

Extrinsic Muscles

muscles located in different region than what they act on

What are the four types of muscle group action?

* agonist
* synergist
* antagonist
* fixator

Agonist Muscle

muscle that produces most force during action

Synergist Muscle

Aids agonist by stabilizing and modifying movement

Antagonist Muscle

works against agonist to control speed of movement

Fixator Muscle

prevents bone movement to stabilize during movement of other joints and structures

Innervation

nerve that supplies a given muscle

Cranial Nerves

nerves from skull foramen that supply head and neck muscles

Spinal Nerves

nerves from vertebral foramen that subtly bodily and limb muscles