Chapter 29 Sections 1-8 Notes

Woodrow Wilson

A Democratic president who transformed from a mild conservative to a militant progressive, known for his reform agenda.

New Freedom

A progressive program by Wilson that advocated for stronger antitrust legislation, banking reforms, and tariff reductions.

Bull Moose Party

The third-party formed by progressives in 1912, led by Theodore Roosevelt, that advocated for 'new nationalism' with strong regulations.

New Nationalism

The philosophy promoted by Roosevelt that favored the consolidation of trusts and stronger regulations to protect the working class.

Triple Wall of Privilege

Wilson's term for the banks, trusts, and tariffs he aimed to reform.

Underwood Tariff

A tariff that reduced rates and reintroduced a federal income tax, part of Wilson's reforms.

Federal Reserve Act

Legislation that established a nationwide system of 12 regional banks with the ability to print money for economic stability.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A law that expanded the Sherman Act and exempted labor organizations from antitrust prosecution.

Workingmen's Compensation Act

Passed in 1916, provided assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

Adamson Act

Established an eight-hour workday for workers on trains engaged in interstate commerce.

Zimmerman note

A secret telegram from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the United States.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's plan for a post-WWI peace that included ideas like self-determination and the formation of the League of Nations.

League of Nations

An international organization established after WWI aimed at promoting global peace and preventing future conflicts.

Schenck v. United States

A landmark Supreme Court case that limited free speech during wartime if it posed a risk to public safety.

Irreconcilables

A group of isolationist senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

“Peace without victory”

Wilson's idea of ending WWI without any side winning, aimed at reducing future conflicts.

Warren G. Harding

Republican presidential candidate who won the 1920 election, signaling a return to isolationism and a move away from Wilson's ideals.

Espionage Act of 1917

Legislation aimed at prohibiting disloyal activities during WWI.

Sedition Act of 1918

Extended the Espionage Act, making it illegal to speak negatively about the government.

Tampico Incident

A diplomatic conflict between the U.S. and Mexico resulting from the arrest of American sailors.

ABC Powers

Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, who mediated tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.

General Victoriano Huerta

Mexican military leader whose oppressive regime Wilson refused to recognize.

Chateau-Thierry

The first battle involving American forces during WWI, significant for American engagement in European conflict.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

A major American military campaign during WWI that aimed to cut off German supply lines.

Nineteenth Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in the United States, passed partly due to women's contributions during WWI.

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

Provided federally financed instruction on maternal and infant care, expanding government responsibilities for family welfare.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

U.S. agency created to influence public opinion and support for the war effort during WWI.

“Realists”

Individuals who believe international relations are driven by practical considerations rather than ideals.

“idealistic” Wilsonian strain

Wilson's vision emphasizing democracy and self-determination as key to international relations.