KNES 360 Exam 2 - Aerobic Training

the ability to sustain prolonged, dynamic, whole-body exercise using large muscle groups

cardiorespiraory endurance

cardiorespiratory endurance: ability of cardiorespiratory system to maintain oxygen — and — to working muscles during prolonged exercise

delivery, consmption

2 factors that increase cardiac output

HR, SV

stroke volume increaes with an increase in — — and — —

systolic pressure, venous return

increased — increases systolic pressure

contractility

cardiac adaptations to aerobic training:

• training increases your — —, or the amount of blood your heart pumps per beat

  • this means to achieve the same — — as before training, your — — can be —

stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, lower

heart rate — posttraining; stroke volume — posttraining

decreases, increaases

heart rate max =

220-age

— SV after training

• resting, submaximal, maximal

• — resting and submaximal HR with training

  • — filling time - — EDV

• plasma volume — with training

  • — EDV - —- preload

• — LV mass with training

  • — force of contraction (contractility)

  • — ESV

increase, decrease, increase, increase, increase, increase, increasem increase, increase, decrease

resting heart rate:

• — markedly (— beat/min per week of training)

• — parasympathetic, — sympathetic activity in the heart

submaximal HR

• — HR for saem given absolute intensity

• more noticeable at — submaximal intensities

maximal HR

• — significant change with training

• — with age

decrease, 1, increase, decrease, decrease, higher, no, decrease

Pulmonary changes:

• respiratory system can — ventilation in response to exercise and the energy/oxygen cost of breathing is very — - —- adaptations as not generally a limitation to aerobic performance

increase, low, limited

total volume of air inhaled into or ehaled form the lungs in one minute

minute ventilation

minute ventilation units

L oxygen/minute

minute ventilation =

tidal volume * respiratory rate

pulmonary ventilation post aerobic training:

• — at rest

• max pulmonary ventilation —

  • — tidal volume

  • — breathing rate at max exercise

unchanged, increases, increased, increased

pulmonary diffusion:

• refers to gas exchange at —

• does not increase at — or — exercise

• at max, — blood flow to lungs after training - —- diffusion

alveoli, rest, submax, increase, increase

5 muscular adaptations to training:

• — — —

• —

• — —

• — —

• — —

muscle fiber type, mitochondria, capillary supply, myoglobin content, fueld use

aerobic exercise relies a lot on type — fibers (— fibers)

• type I fibers get — with training

• Type IIx fibers take on — of Type IIa fibers, Type IIa fibers take on — of Type I fibers

I, oxidative, larger, characteristics, characteristics

aerobic exercise reliant on — — — for ATP production

large increases in mitochondrial —/— with training

• PGC-1 is the — factor that signals this

• mitochondrial content could — in some fiber types

• with the increase in mitochondrial content, oxidative enzymes, electron transport chain, and ATP synthase will also —

mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, number, size, transciption, double, increase

capillary supply — with aerobic training

increases

to supply mitochondria with the oxygen they need to synthesize ATP, there needs to be an — in blood flow to skeletal muscle

increaselarge increases in capillary density with trian

large increases in capillary density with training

• allows for — blood flow

• more — to — oxygen

• can result in a — in — — — during exercise

increase, area, exchange, decrease, total peripheral resistance

intracellular oxygen-carrying molecule

myoglobin

some data suggests that myoglobin — with aerobic training BUT BS

increases

trained individuals use — for fuel (—)

fats, muscle

athletes - fat distribution in muscles similar to those with —

diabetes