TMJ, MASTOID AIR CELLS, PETROUS TEMPORAL BONE,

both routines and methods

this is not performed for trauma px but it demonstrates condyles of the mandible and mandibular fossae with both open or closed mouth

AP Axial Projection- Townes Method

for AP Axial Projection Townes Method mouth should be ____ to demonstrate posterior teeth, prevents mandibular protusion

closed

for AP Axial Projection Townes Method mouth should be ____ to demonstrate mandible not protuded and jutted forward

open

CR of AP Axial Projection Townes Method of TMJ

35 degrees caudad 3'“ above nasion

Px Position for AP Axcial Projection Townes Method - TMJ

supine, both MSP and OML is perpendicular

this demonstrates the TMJ when the mouth if open and closed

Temporomandibular Articulations Axiolateral Projection

CR for 

Temporomandibular Articulations Axiolateral Projection

25-30 degrees caudad open/close mouth 2” superior to eam

Temporomandibular Articulations - Axiolateral Projection Px Position

MSP parallel to the IR and IPL perpendicular to IR

this DEMONSTRATE:

AXIOLATERAL IMAGE OF THE MADIBULAR JOINTS, TMJ
CONDYLAR PROCESSES,  MANDIBULAR BODY

Oblique Transfacial- Zanelli Method

OBLIQUE TRANFACIAL- ZANELLI METHOD

POSITION OF PART:

REST CHEEK AGAINS IR

ROTATE HEAD TOWARDS IR TILL ___ FORMS ___ DEGREES

____ IS PARALLEL

MSP, 30, AML

CR for Oblique Transfacial Zanelli Method

Perpendicular to the Mandible

this DEMONSTRATE:
CLOSED MOUTH- FRACTURE OF THE NECK AND CONDYLE OF RAMUS

OPENED MOUTH – MANDIBULAR FOOSA, INFERIOR & ANTERIOR EXCURSION OF THE CONDYLE

LATERAL TRANSCRANIAL/ AXIAL TRANSCRANIAL

CR of LATERAL TRANSCRANIAL/ AXIAL TRANSCRANIAL

15 degrees caudad entering TMJ

PX position of LATERAL TRANSCRANIAL/ AXIAL TRANSCRANIAL

semiprone, headtrue lateral, MSP 15 degrees and AML parallel

shows the oblique image of TMJ

Inferosuperior Transfacial

CR of Inferosuperior Transfacial

30 degrees cephalad enters inferior angle of mandible

INFEROSUPERIOR TRANSFACIAL

POSITION OF PART:
SEMI PRONE , HEAD TRUE LAT
IPL FORMS _____ DEGREES FROM THE IR, MSP __ DEGREES FROM IR

10-15, 15

shows the TRUE lateral of TMJ

LATERAL TRANSFACIAL ALBERS-SCHONBERG

CR for  LATERAL TRANSFACIAL ALBERS-SCHONBERG

20 degrees cephalad

LATERAL TRANSFACIAL ALBERS-SCHONBERG

POSITION OF PART:

T/F: THE OPEN MOUTH POSITION IS NOT ATTEMPTED WITH PATIENTS WITH HISTORY OF RECENT INJURY BECAUSE OF FRAGMENT DISPLACEMENT.

True

T/F: IN CLOSE MOUTH POSITION IT MUST OCCLUDE THE POSTERIOR TEETH RATHER THAN THE INCISORS

true

_____ is more useful when fracture or dislocation is suspected

Tomography

DEMONSTRATE:
INTERNAL AUDITORY CANALS ,PETROUS PORTION OF THE TEMPORAL BONE, LABYRINTHS, MASTOID ANTRUM, DORSUM SELLAE (SEEN WITHIN THE FORAMEN

Towne’s Method 

CR for Mastoid Air Cells Towne’s Method

RP 2” above the glabella at the lvl of mastoid on EAM 2 ½ inches above nasion

demonstrates the pneumatic structure of the mastoid, mastoid antrum, dural plates

Schuller/Axiolateral Projection of the Mastoid Air cells

CR of Schuller/Axiolateral Projection of the Mastoid Air Cells

25 degrees to 30 degrees caudally. RP 1 ½ superior and posterior to the EAM

for Schuller/ Axiolateral Projection of the Mastoid cells which one is parallel and perpendicular? ioml,oml,ipl,aml?

IOML, IPL

this demonstrates the Mastoid cells

MODIFIED LAW METHOD/ AXIO LATERAL OBLIQUE (SINGLE-TUBE ANGULATION)

CR of  MODIFIED LAW METHOD/ AXIO LATERAL OBLIQUE (SINGLE-TUBE ANGULATION)

15 degrees caudad, RP 1 INCH POSTERIOR TO THE EAM AND 2 INCHES SUPERIOR TO THE UPPERMOST OF EAM

rotate the head in hbow many degrees does the MODIFIED LAW METHOD/ AXIO LATERAL OBLIQUE (SINGLE-TUBE ANGULATION) need?

15 degrees 

demonstrates the mastoid process is projected below the shadow of the occipital bone, mastoid process free of superimposition and auricle of the should not be superimposed. 

AP TANGENTIAL/ MODIFIED HICKEY

CR of AP TANGENTIAL/ MODIFIED HICKEY

15 degrees caudad, RP enters the inferior border of the mastoid process

for AP TANGENTIAL/ MODIFIED HICKEY how many degrees does the head need to rotate?

55 degrees

CR for PA Tangential

15 DEGREES CEPHALAD, RP POSTERIOR BORDER OF THE MASTOID PROCESS

Fill in the blanks:

PA TANGENTIAL

POSITION OF PART:
SEATED ____/ PRONE

___ PERPENDICULAR
MSP ____  DEGREES TO THE PLANE OF THE FILM

___ DEGREES FROM THE VERTICAL

Erect, IOML, 55, 35

arcelin is also known as?

reverse of stenvers

DEMONSTRATE:

PETROUS PORTION OF THE TEMPORTAL BONE

MASTOID PROCESS

ARCELIN( REVERSE OF STENVERS/ ANTERIOR PROFILE POSITION

CR of ARCELIN( REVERSE OF STENVERS/ ANTERIOR PROFILE POSITION

10 degrees caudad, RP 11 inch anterior and ¾ superior to the EAM

Fill in the blanks:

POSITION OF PART: SUPINE

ROTATE THE HEAD AWAY ____ DEGREES

___ PERPENDICULAR

45, ioml

this demonstrates the mastoid cells, mastoid antrum, IAM and EAM, tumors of the acoustic nerve

HENSCHEN/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE/ CUSHING

CR of HENSCHEN/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE/ CUSHING

15 degrees caudad, 2 inches above EAM

demonstrate Tympanic Cavity and ossicles, epitympanic recess, aditus and mastoid antrum, petrosa

MAYER/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE

CR of MAYER/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE

45 degrees caudad, 3 inches above the supercillary ridges

Fill in the blanks

POSITION OF PART: SUPINE

HEAD IS ROTATED ___ DEGREES TOWARDS THE IR

45

Owen Modifications cited by Pendergrass, Schaeffer & Hodes
- MSP ___ degrees to IR, IR and head angled __ degrees caudall

- CR __ degrees caudally

40, 10, 28

Owen Modifications described by Etter & Cross

- MSP __  degrees to IR
- CR _degrees caudally

30, 25-30

Owen Modifications described by Compere

- MSP __-__ degrees to IR

30-45

REFERED TO AS RUNSTROM ii METHOD WITH OPEN MOUTH TO VISUALIZE PETROUS APEX

LYSHOLM METHOD/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE

CR of LYSHOLM METHOD/ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE

30-35 DEGREES CAUDALLY

fill in the blanks:

PRONE

HEAD IN TRUE LATERAL

___ AND ___ PARALLEL TO TRANSVERSE AXIS OF THE CASSETE

MSP, IOML

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC CANAL THROUGH THE SHADOWS OF THE ORBIT PETROUS RIDGES SHOULD BE PROJECTED INFERIOR TO THE SUPERIOR MARGIN OF THE ORBITS

TEMPORAL BONE / PA TRANSORBITAL METHOD

CR of TEMPORAL BONE / PA TRANSORBITAL METHOD

RP nasion or either 5 degrees cephalad or caudad

Fill in the blanks:

POSITION OF THE PART:

PRONE

FOREHEAD AND NOSE ARE TOUCHING

___ AND __ PERPENDICULAR

MSP, OML

it demonstrates EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC TYMPANIC CAVITIES AND EUSTACHIAN TUBE, EXCELLENT IMAGE OF VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR ORGAN, FORMEN MAGNUM AT OR SLIGHTLY ABOVE THE LEVEL OF EAM

VALDINI METHOD/ PA AXIAL in OML 50 degrees

it demonstrates THE LABYRINTHS AND THE INTERNAL ACOUSTIC CANAL AND DORSUM SELLAE

VALDINI METHOD/ PA AXIAL in IOML 50 degrees

DEMONSTRATE:

SYMMETRIC IMAGE OF THE STYLOID PROCESS

TEMPORAL BONE ABOVE THE MAXILLARY SINUSES

STYLOID PROCESS- CAHOON METHOD / PA AXIAL PROJECTION

CR of STYLOID PROCESS- CAHOON METHOD / PA AXIAL PROJECTION

25 degrees cephalad, RP nasion

Fill in the blanks:

HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE/MILLER METHOD

POSITION OF PART: SUPINE

MSP __  DEGREES AWAY

OML PARALLEL
OPEN MOUTH IF POSSIBLE

45

CR of HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE/MILLER METHOD

12 degrees caudally, 11 inch anterior and ½ inferior to the EAM used to delineate the