Reading and Writing notes

Brainstorming

A technique used in a group setting to quickly generate many ideas about a specific problem or topic.

Graphic Organizers

Visual representations of knowledge that structure information by arranging important aspects of a concept or topic into patterns.

Main Idea and Details Chart

A chart that shows the hierarchical relationship between major concepts and their subordinate elements.

Concept Map

An organizer that shows a central idea with its corresponding characteristics, often taking various shapes.

Flow Diagram or Sequence Chart

A visual representation that displays a series of steps or events in chronological order.

Venn Diagram

A diagram used to identify the similarities and differences between two or more concepts.

Cause-and-Effect Diagram

A diagram that highlights the direct relationship between different events or concepts.

Topic Outline

A structured list of main points and details organizing ideas on a subject, typically using short phrases.

Sentence Outline

A detailed list where each main point is written as a full sentence, clarifying main ideas and supporting details.

Narration

The purpose of narration is to tell a story or relate an event.

Description

Used to help the reader imagine what is being described, based on sensory details.

Definition

Used to explain what something is, containing a term, general class, and characteristics that differentiate it.

Exemplification

The main idea is explained by providing extended or detailed examples.

Comparison and Contrast

Examining the similarities and differences between two or more subjects.

Cause

The reason why something happens.

Effect

The outcome of what happens.

Problem

A harmful or undesirable situation that needs to be addressed.

Solution

Actions or strategies proposed to resolve a problem.

Persuasion

A writing technique intended to convince readers to do or believe in something.

Using evidence

A common technique in persuasive writing that supports arguments with data or facts.

Giving examples

A technique in persuasive writing that illustrates points with detailed instances.

Attacking an opposing view

A method used in persuasion to counteract arguments from the opposing side.

Proclamation of Martial Law

An announcement made on September 21, 1972, marking the start of Martial Law in the Philippines.

Root words

Basic structures that provide core meanings to words.

Prefix

A group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

Suffix

A group of letters added to the end of a word to modify its meaning or function.

Paragraph

A series of organized, coherent sentences related to a single topic.

Coherence

When ideas or parts of something are logically connected and make sense together.

Cohesion

The quality of well-connected text or speech that forms a unified whole.

Logical order

Arrangement of ideas in a valid or sensible sequence.

Transitional devices

Words or phrases that help link ideas smoothly in text.

Lexical cohesion

The use of related words in a text to connect ideas.

Substitution

Replacing a word or phrase with another in a sentence to avoid repetition.

Ellipsis

Omitting parts of a sentence where the meaning is still clear to create brevity.