Studied by 6 people
This is only on the muscles that we learned, NOT about any bony landmarks. ALSO for the erector spinae muscles, I am not completely sure about the origin or insertions!
Sternocleidomastoid(SCM)
Origin: Anterior and superior manubrium & superior medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: Lateral aspect of mastoid process & anterior 1/2 of superior nuchal line
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes head and neck to same side, rotates head to opposite side
Bilaterally flexes neck & assists in inhalation
Anterior Scalenes
Origin: C3-C6 transverse processes
Insertion: 1st rib
Action:
Unilaterally flexes head to same side when rib is fixed, rotates head to opposite side
Bilaterally elevates ribs during inhalation & flexes head and neck
Middle Scalenes
Origin:C2-C7 transverse processes
Insertion: 1st rib
Action:
Unilaterally flexes head same side when rib is fixed, rotates head to opposite side
Bilaterally elevates ribs during inhalation
Posterior Scalenes
Origin: C4-C6 transverse processes
Insertion: 2nd rib
Action:
Unilaterally flexes head to same side when rib is fixed, rotates head to opposite side
Bilaterally elevates ribs during inhalation
Spinalis
It arises from the common origin and extends from the spinous processes in the superior lumbar and inferior thoracic regions to the spinous processes in the superior thoracic region
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes head or the vertebral column
Bilaterally: extend head and part or all of the vertebral column
Longissimus
arises from the common origin and is attached to the transverse processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes head or the vertebral column, rotates head to the same side
Bilaterally: extend head and part or all of the vertebral column
Iliocostalis
arises fromthe common origin and inserts into the angles of the ribs.
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes head or the vertebral column
Bilaterally: extend head and part or all of the vertebral column
Multifidus
Origin: Transverse process of one vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of all vertebrae extending from 2-4 vertebrae higher
Action:
Unilaterally rotates vertebral bodies(column) to opposite side and lateral flexion to same side
Bilaterally extends vertebral column
Rotatores
Origin: Transverse process of one vertebra
Insertion: Spinous process of vertebra 1-2 above
Action:
Unilaterally rotate vertebral body to opposite side
Bilaterally extends vertebral column
Rectus Abdominus
Origin: Pubis crest, Pubic symphysis
Insertion: Ribs(5-6) & Xiphoid Process
Action: Trunk flexion with resistance, accessory respiratory muscle
Internal Obliques
Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Inferior three or four costal cartilages, linea alba, conjoined tendon to pubis
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes vertebral column to same side, rotates trunk to same side
Bilaterally: flexes the vertebral column & compresses abdominal content
External Obliques
Origin: lower 8 ribs at costal cartilages
Insertion: crest of ilium, linea alba through rectus sheath
Action:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally: flexes the vertebral column & compresses abdominal contents
Transverse Abdominus
Origin: Cartilages of six lower ribs, throacolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba through rectus sheath, conjoined tendon to pubis
Action: compresses abdominal viscera
Diaphragm
Action: breathing
Pectoralis Major
Origin: medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, & cartilage of ribs 1-6
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: adducts, horizontally flexes, flexes, and rotates arm medially
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses scapula abducts scapula, tilts scapula anteriorly, assists in forced inhalation
Serratus Anterior
Origin: ribs 1-8 or 9
Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Action: draws scapula forward, rotates scapula to raise shoulder in abduction of arm, scapular abduction against resistance
Trapezius
Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Action:
Upper fibers:
Unilaterally: laterally flexes head/neck to same side, rotates head to opposite side, elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
Bilaterally extends head and neck
Middle fibers: adducts and stabilizes scapula
Lower fibers: depresses scapula and upwardly rotates scapula
Rhomboid Major
Origin: spinous processes of T2-5
Insertion: medial margin of scapula between spine and inferior angle
Action: retracts, elevates scapula, & downwardly rotates scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Origin: spinous processes of C7-T1, lower part of nuchal ligament
Insertion: medial margin of scapula at root of the spine
Action: adducts, elevates, & downwardly rotates scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Action:
Unilaterally elevates, downwardly rotates scapula, laterally flexes head/neck & rotates head to same side
Bilaterally extends neck and head
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: T6-T12, last 3-4 ribs, posterior iliac crest, & thorocolumnar aponeurosis
Insertion: intertubercle groove & crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: extension, adduction, internal rotation
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tuberosity
Action: abducts shoulder to about 45 degrees, stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tuberosity
Action: laterally rotates, adducts, extends, horizontally abducts shoulder, and stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Teres Minor
Origin: superior lateral border
Insertion: greater tuberosity
Action: laterally rotates, adducts, extends, horizontally abducts shoulder, and stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tuberosity
Action: internal rotation, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Anterior Deltoid
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: shoulder flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction
Middle Deltoid
Origin: border of acromion
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: shoulder abduction
Posterior Deltoid
Origin: scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: shoulder extension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
Teres Major
Origin: inferior angle of scapula & lower 1/2 of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: intertubercle groove
Action: adduction, internal rotation, shoulder extension
Biceps Brachii
Origin:
Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short Head: coracoid process
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: elbow flexion in hand in supination, shoulder flexion, synergist in supination of forearm
Brachialis
Origin: lower 1/2 of humerus
Insertion: coranoid process of ulna
Action: elbow flexion with hand in pronation
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: radial styloid process
Action: elbow flexion with hand in neutral position
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial surface of shaft of humerus
Action: shoulder flexion, shoulder adduction
Triceps Brachii
Origin:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head: lower 1/2 of posterior humerus
Lateral head: upper 1/2 of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Actions: all heads extend elbow; long head extends and adducts shoulder
Anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon & superior part of posterior ulnar surface
Action: help triceps in extending forearm, stabilizes elbow joint
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action: wrist flexion, radial deviation
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
Palmaris Longus
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: wrist flexion
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Actions: wrist extension, radial deviation
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: wrist extension, ulnar deviation
Pronator Teres
Origin: distal humerus, proximal ulna
Insertion: middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Action: pronation, weak elbow flexion
Supinator
Origin: lateral humerus, superior to epicondyle
Insertion: lateral, posterior, and anterior surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
Action: supinates forearm
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
Action: pronates forearm
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: intermediate phalanx of 2-5
Action: flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: shaft of ulna
Insertion: distal phalanx of 2-5
Action: flexion of distal interphalangeal joints
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: distal and intermediate phalanx of 2-5
Action: extension of distal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Note 
Flashcard (60)