On everyones soul we passing

Perception

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to understand the environment.

Bottom-Up Processing

Perception driven by raw sensory input without prior knowledge or expectations.

Top-Down Processing

Perception influenced by prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

Schemas

Mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information.

Assimilation

Fitting new information into existing schemas without changing them.

Accommodation

Adjusting schemas to incorporate new information.

Perceptual Set

A mental bias or readiness to perceive something in a certain way.

Context, Experience, and Culture

The background and culture we come from shape how we perceive things.

Closure (Gestalt)

The mind’s tendency to fill in gaps to see a complete image.

Figure and Ground (Gestalt)

Distinguishing the main object (figure) from its background.

Proximity (Gestalt)

Tendency to group objects that are close together.

Similarity (Gestalt)

Tendency to group objects that look alike.

Attention

Concentrating mental effort on certain stimuli while ignoring others.

Cocktail Party Effect

The brain’s ability to focus on one conversation in a noisy environment while filtering out others.

Inattentional Blindness

Failing to see something visible because attention is elsewhere.

Change Blindness

Not noticing large changes in a visual scene.

Retinal Disparity

The slight difference in images between the two eyes used for depth perception.

Convergence

Depth cue where eyes move inward when objects come closer.

Relative Clarity

Objects that are clearer appear closer; hazy objects seem farther away.

Relative Size

When objects are the same size, the smaller image on the retina looks farther away.

Texture Gradient

Details are clearer up close but fade with distance.

Linear Perspective

Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance.

Interposition

Closer objects block objects that are farther away.

Shape Constancy

Perceiving an object’s shape as constant despite changes in viewing angle.

Size Constancy

Perceiving an object’s size as constant despite changes in distance.

Relative Motion

Objects closer move faster across our vision than those farther away.