Archeology 2

Kennewick man

1996 discovering, very old skeleton (ancient), claims of contrail affiliation.

Quality of life stresses on the body

Iron delivery anemia, Harris lines,

Enamel hypoplasia, osteoarthritis. Robusticity

Enamel hypoplasia

Tooth enamel in survival from childhood stress

Sexting a skeleton

Pelvic features and cranial features. Male more arch brow.

Harris lines

When stress (like illness, malnutrition, or trauma) disrupts bone growth, the body temporarily stops depositing new bone tissue, leaving a denser line once growth resumes.

NAGPRA. The Native American grave protection and repatriation Act (1990

Background: ethical issues in anthropology and archacology; Slack Farm, KY 1987)

• Who owns the past?

• Key issues and concepts: repatriation, lineal descent, cultural affiliation

• 2024 revised regulations:". museums and Federal agencies must defer to the Native American traditional knowledge of lineal descendants, Indian Tribes, and Native Hawaiian organizations.'

Aging in a skeleton

• tooth eruption and crown formation, epiphyseal fusion, cranial sutures; pubic symphasis, tooth wear and loss

Ways to approach sec and gender in the archeological record

Remake and make artifacts, fertility figures, art and iconography, pry rice and pots

Typologies

Classifying artifacts or cultures by shared features (e.g., pottery styles or burial practices).

Cultural resources management

) is the practice of managing, preserving, and protecting cultural heritage resources, often in compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. It encompasses archaeological sites, historic buildings, artifacts, landscapes, and intangible cultural heritage. CRM is crucial in ensuring that cultural heritage is considered in modern development projects and land use. Cause through 3 phases identification, site evaluation and recovery.

Porotic hyperostosis

It is often associated with anemia caused by nutritional deficiencies, disease, or parasitic infections. This condition is frequently studied in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology to infer health, diet, and living conditions of past populations.

phytolith analysis

These structures persist in soils and archaeological contexts long after the plant has decayed, providing valuable information about past environments, diets, and plant use by humans.

X-ray Florence

is commonly used to analyze the chemical composition of ancient tools, jewelry, or pottery.

Soil phosphate fraction testing

is an analytical technique used in archaeology and environmental science to study the distribution and concentration of phosphate in soils. In archaeological contexts, this method provides insight into past human activities, such as settlement patterns, agriculture, and waste disposal.

Instrumental neutron activation analysis

is a highly sensitive and non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. In anthropology and archaeology, it is particularly valuable for sourcing artifacts, understanding trade networks, and reconstructing past human behaviors

Ways to approach social status in the archeological record

record involves examining material culture, burial practices, spatial organization, and other evidence to infer hierarchical structures and social stratification in past societies.

Middle age theory

Linking data and human behavior. Collects date through survey and observation

Taphonomy

Animals, plants eliminating natural processes. Ex: study of how organisms decay are preserved and fossilized

Crm steps

Phase 1- identification, is there something there, is it historic. Is there nothing in the path of this project. Shovel test, test pit. Report.

Phase 2- site evaluation, is it significant. Larger digs.

Phase 3- recovery, salvage materials. The project can be rerouted.

Ethnographic analogy

A method of using anthropological data to reconstruct past societies

Experimental archaeology

Learning how people did things in the past by trying to replicate them ourselves.

Ethno archaeology

Focus of material culture