chap 15 psych vocab

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psychopathology

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Psychology

42 Terms

1

psychopathology

Patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for those who are affected or for those with whom they come in contact.

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2

biopsychosocial approach

A view of mental disorders as caused by a combination of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

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3

medical model (biological model)

A view in which psychological disorders are seen as reflecting disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and in other biological processes.

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4

psychological model

A view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes.

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5

sociocultural perspective

A way of looking at mental disorders in relation to gender age, ethnicity, and other social and cultural factors.

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6

socicultural factors

Characteristics or conditions that can influence the appearance and form of maladaptive behavior.

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7

diathesis-stress model

The notion that psychological disorders arise when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amounts of stress to trigger symptoms.

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8

anxiety disorder

A condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are longstanding and disruptive.

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9

phobia

An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction.

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10

specific phobia

An anxiety disorder involving fear and avoidance of heights animals or other specific stimuli and situations.

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11

social phobia

An anxiety disorder involving strong irrational fears relating to social situations.

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12

agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder involving strong fears relating to being alone or away from the security of home.

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13

generalized anxiety disorder (G.A.D.)

A condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation.

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14

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks.

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15

obsessive-compulsive disorder

An anxiety disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals.

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16

obsessions

Persistent upsetting and unwanted thoughts that interfere with daily life and may lead to compulsions.

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17

compulsions

Repetitive behaviors that interfere with daily functioning but are performed in an effort to prevent dangers or events associated with obsessions.

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18

somatoform disorders

Psychological problems in which symptoms of a physical disorder are present without psychical cause.

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19

conversion disorder

A somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause.

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20

hypochondriasis

A somatoform disorder involving strong , unjustified fear of having psychical illness.

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21

somatization disorder

A somatoform disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness.

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22

somatoform pain disorder

A somatoform disorder marked by complaints of severe pain with no physical cause.

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23

body dysmorphic disorder

A somatoform disorder characterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body.

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24

dissociative disorder

Rare conditions that involve sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person's memory, consciousness, or identity.

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25

fugue reaction

A dissociative disorder involving sudden loss of memory and possible assumptions of a new identity in a new location.

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26

dissociative amnesia

A dissociative disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory.

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27

dissociative identity disorder (D.I.D)

A dissociative disorder in which a person reports having more than one identity.

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28

affective disorder

A condition in which a person experiences extreme moods, such as depression or mania.

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29

major depression

An effective disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months.

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30

delusions

False beliefs such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or extreme depression.

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31

dysthymic disorder

An affective disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years.

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32

bipolar disorders

Affective disorders in which a person alternates between emotional extremes of depression and mania.

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33

mania

An elated, very active emotional state.

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34

cyclothymic personality

An effective disorder characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that is less extreme than that of bipolar disorders.

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35

schizophrenic

A severe and disabling pattern of disturbed thinking, emotions, perception, and behavior.

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36

hallucinations

A symptom of disorder in which people perceive voice or other stimuli when there are no stimuli present.

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37

positive symptoms

Schizophrenic symptoms such as disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions.

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38

negative symptoms

Schizophrenic symptoms such as absence of pleasure , lack of speech, and flat affect.

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39

personality disorders

Long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that create a variety of problems.

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40

antisocial personality disorder (A.P.D.)

A personality disorder involving impulsive, selfish, unscrupulous, and even criminal behavior.

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41

addiction

Development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug.

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42

substance-related disorders

Problems involving the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others.

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