Muscles of the Upper Extremity

Deltoid Origin

* anterior border of clavicle
* spine of scapula

Deltoid Insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid Function

* glenohumeral joint
* abduction
* extension

Deltoid Nerve Innervation

Axillary nerve

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

* spinous process of T-T12
* ribs 9-12
* posterior iliac crest

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

intertubercular groove

Latissimus Dorsi Function

* posterior rotation of arm/shoulder
* adduction of the arm/shoulder
* extension of arm/shoulder

Latissimus Dorsi Nerve Innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

Trapezius Origin

* nuchal lines of occipital bone
* spinous process of C7-T12

Trapezius Insertion

* posterior border of clavicle
* acromion process
* spine of scapula

Trapezius Function

elevation of shoulders superiorly

Trapezius Nerve Innervation

accessory nerve

Rhomboid Major Origin

spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid Major Insertion

inferomedial border of scapula

Rhomboid Major Function

retract scapula medially

Rhomboid Major Nerve Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor Origin

spinous processes of C7-T1

Rhomboid Minor Insertion

root of scapular spine

Rhomboid Minor Function

retract scapula medially

Rhomboid Minor Nerve Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae Origin

transverse processes of C1-C4

Levator Scapulae Insertion

superomedial border of scapula

Levator Scapulae Function

* elevation of scapula superiorly
* rotation of scapula
* points glenoid fossa down

Levator Scapulae Nerve Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Supraspinatus Origin

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus Insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus Function

abduction of shoulder and arm

Supraspinatus Nerve Innervation

suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus Origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus Insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus Function

posterior rotation of arm/shoulder

Infraspinatus Nerve Innervation

suprascapular nerve

Teres Major Origin

* inferior angle of scapula
* inferolateral border of scapula

Teres Major Insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus

Teres Major Function

* extension of arm and shoulder
* adduction of arm and shoulder

Teres Major Nerve Innervation

subscapular nerve

Teres Minor Origin

lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor Insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Teres Minor Function

* adduction of arm and shoulder
* posterior rotation of arm/shoulder

Teres Minor Nerve Innervation

axillary nerve

Pectoralis Major Origin

* anterior surface of clavicle
* lateral surface of sternum
* costal cartilage

Pectoralis Major Insertion

* intertubercular groove of humerus
* greater tubercle of humerus

Pectoralis Major Function

* flexion of arm/shoulder
* horizontal adduction of arm
* anterior rotation of arm/shoulder

Pectoralis Major Nerve Innervation

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Minor Origin

ribs 3-5

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor Function

protracts scapula anteroinferiorly

Pectoralis Ninor Nerve Innervation

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Serratus Anterior Origin

ribs 1-9

Serratus Anterior Insertion

* superior angle of scapula
* medial border of scapula
* inferior angle of scapula

Serratus Anterior Function

protracts scapula anterinferiorly

Serratus Anterior Nerve Innervation

long thoracic nerve

Biceps Brachii Origin

* short head (medial)
* coracoid process of scapula
* long head (lateral)
* supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Biceps Brachii Insertion

radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii Function

flexion of th arm at the elbow

Biceps Brachii Nerve Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis Origin

anterior surface of humerus

Brachialis Insertion

* coronoid process of ulna
* ulnar tuberosity

Brachialis Function

flexion of arm at the elbow

Brachialis Nerve Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis Origin

coracoid process of the scapula

Coracobrachialis Insertion

anterior surface of the humerus

Coracobrachialis Function

flexion of the arm at the shoulder

Coracobrachialis Nerve Innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Triceps Brachii Origin

* lateral head
* posterior surface of humerus
* long head
* infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
* medial head
* posterior surface of humerus

Triceps Brachii Insertion

olecranon process of the ulna

Triceps Brachii Function

extension of the arm at the ebow

Triceps Brachii Nerve Innervation

radial nerve

Brachioradialis Origin

lateral epicondyle of humeru

Brachioradialis Insertion

styloid process of radius

Brachioradialis Function

flexion of arm at the elbow

Brachioradialis Nerve Innervation

radial nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion

base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Flexor Carpi Radialis Function

flexion of hand at the wrist

Flexor Carpi Radialis Nerve Innervation

median nerve

Palmaris Longus Origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris Longus Insertion

palmer apponeurosis

Palmaris Longus Function

flexion of the hand at the wrist

Palmaris Longus Nerve Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion

pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Function

* flexion of the hand at the wrist
* ulnar deviation at the wrist

Flexor Capri Ulnaris Nerve Innervation

ulnar nerve

Pronator Teres Origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

Pronator Teres Insertion

proximolateral surface of radius

Pronator Teres Function

pronation of hand at the elbow

Pronator Teres Nerve Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Insertion

middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Function

flexion of proximal IP joints 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Nerve Innervation

median nerve

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin

proxioanerial surface of ulna

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Function

flexion of MP and IP joints 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Nerve Innervation

* median nerve (digits 2-3)
* ulnar nerve (digits 4-5)

Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin

proximoanterior surface of radius

Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion

distal phalanx of phalange 1

Flexor Pollicis Longus Function

flexion of MP and IP joints 1

Flexor Pollicis Longus Nerve Innervation

median nerve