AP Human Geo-Unit 1

What is the Use of maps

What is the Use of maps

To organize complex info

Reference maps

show the boundaries and names of geographical areas

Political Maps

Man-made boundaries

Physical Maps

Shows natural features

Road Maps

show and label highways, streets, and alleys

Plat Maps

show and label property lines and details of land ownership

Thematic Maps

Spatial aspects of info or phenomenons

Chloropleth Maps

use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data

Dot distribution Maps

are used to show the specific location and distribution of something using dots

Graduated symbol Maps

uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something

Isoline Maps

Uses lines to connect points of equal value to depict variation

topographic map

Points of elevation are connected to depict surface features

Cartogram

Ddepicts the size of countries based on a specific statistic

Scale

The ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on the earth's surface.

Types of Scale

cartographic, geographic, and scale of data

Cartographic

The way a map communicates the ratio

Spatial Patterns

The arragnment of phenomena on a map

Location

The position of anything on Earth's surface. The most widely used location in Longitude and latitude

Absolute Location

Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates

Relative Location

The position of a place in relation to another place

Prime merdian

0 degrees longitude

Direction

Describe where things are in realtion to each other

Distance

The measurement of how far things are form each other

Absolute Distance

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit length, such as a mile or kilometer.

Elevation

distance from sea level

Pattern of Distribution

the way a phenomenon is spread out over an area

Linear distribution

distribution that is in a line

Dispersed distribution

phenomena are spread out over a large area

Circular Distribution

Equally spaced from a central point, forming a circle

Geometric Distribution

Phenomena are in a regular arrangement, such as the squares or blocks formed by roads in the Midwest

Random Distribution

No order to the position

Clustered/Agglomerated Distribution

phenomena are arranged in a group or concentrated area

Projections

how a cartographer maps the earth on a flat surface

Mercator

A projection, designed for navigation as it is easy to follow, can make certain land masses look bigger than reality

Current Era

Geospatial revolution

Landscape Analysis

The task of defining and describing landscapes

Remote Sensing

Getting data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.

Aerial Photography

professional images captured from planes within the atmosphere

Spatial Data

All of the information that can be tied to a specific locations.

Geospatial Data

Can be qualatative or quantative, includes all information tied to a specfic location, collected thorugh fieldwork, call be collected by gov. documents, news, photos, or companies that take up data.

Spatial Approach

considers the arrangement of the phenomena being studied across the surface of the earth

Four-Level Analysis

Systematic way to study geographic phenomena looking at comprehension, identification, explanation, and prediction.

Place

human and physical characteristics of a location

Site

The characteristics of a place (immediate location), Ex: soil type, climate, labor force, human structures

Situation

the location of a place relative to other places

Toponym

the name given to a place on Earth

distance

an amount of space between two things or people.

Spatial Interaction

the movement and flows involving human activity

Geovisualization

2D or 3D interactive maps that allow people to zoom in or out to see data in ways that was previously impossible

Global Positioning System

Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features.

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Community Based Solutions

An action, policy, program or law that is driven by the community members, and that affects local factors that can influence health and has the potential to advance progress toward health equity

Fieldwork

the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places

Sense of place

Factors contribute to the uniqueness of a location

Placelessness

A location without a sense of a place

Location

Identifies where phenomena is relative to other places

Place

Human and physical

Site

Environmental features of a location

Situation

refers to a place relative to its surroundings

Spatial Interactions

Contact, movement, flpw of stuff between locations

Flow

Patterns and movement of phenomena

Distance Decay

The farther the distance the less connection

Geographic Content

Human-environmental interaction

Sustainability

Using resources effectively to minimize negative effects

Environmental determinism

Belief that landforms and climate are the largest drivers of culutre

Possiblism

Acknowledges the effects of the natural environment

Data aggregation

When geographers organize data at different scales

Small Scale

Zoomed out

Large Scale

Zoomed In