Study for Ancient Egypt Final

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Ahmose I

Dyn. 17 pharaoh but founded the (New Kingdom) 18th dyn; reunited Egypt. He removed the Hyksos and reunited Egypt. Son of Seqenenre Tao.

Amun-Re

king of the gods in the New Kingdom. Sometimes depicted as a ram and principal sanct. @ Thebes. Temple at Karnak and Luxor

Ankh

symbol of life-giving powers

Amarna

Capital moved from Thebes to Amarna under Akhenaten (Amarna Period). Boundary stelaes marked out territory

Avaris/Tell el-Dab’a

Hyksos ruled from this area in Lower Egypt. Captured by Ahmose I and was an important port of trade

Akhenaten (beneficial to Aten)

18th Dyn. pharaoh who changed the religion of Egypt from polytheism to monotheism and made the capital Amarna and the one god was Aten.

Aten

The sun god and was the only god Akhenaten worshipped.

Abu Simbel

located in lower nubia, mortuary temples for Ramesses II

Baal

canaanite weather god

Capital

The top of the column, there are different orders, decorative.

Colonnade

a covered portico with columns

Empire

When Egypt expanded their territory during the New Kingdom with the new and improved army. Height of ancient Egyptian power, ealth, and international prestige.

Hatshepsut

Female pharaoh of the 18th Dyn. Peaceful reign and depicted herself as a male ruler in most art. Daughter of Thutmose I

Hittites

From Turkey, foreign threat to Egypt. Thrived during the bronze age and formed a powerful empire —> battle of Kadesh

Horemheb

Appointed as regent when King Tut is 9, commander-in-chief of army and advisor, Last Pharaoh of Dyn. 18, Appointed Ramesses I as next king (had no sons)

Hyksos

Founded the 15th Dynasty, they were the main foreign rulers during this time and were driven out by Ahmose I.

Hypostyle Hall

room filled with massive columns/processional path through courtyards and chambers

Kadesh

city in Syria and site of Battle of Kadesh between Hittites and Egyptians ended in the 1st peace treaty ever

Keftiu

People from the region of Crete and known for trade and seafaring activities

Khepresh

blue/war crown - represented the pharaoh’s power and authority

Libya

West of Egypt, Libyans invade Egypt, lose to Ramesses III

Medinet Habu

founded on pre-existing temples of Hatshepsut and Thut III. Had crenellated battlements and inner gate resembled syrian migdol. Complex of housing and workshops, storerooms, palace where R III was most of the time

Megiddo

Egypt vs coalition of subject regions led by kings of Kadesh and Megiddo (1457 BC) ancient canaan

Minoans

Greek island of Crete, some Minoan style frescoes show far-reaching connections. Ancient Aegean culture

Nefertiti

Wife of Akhenaten (Bust of Neferrtiti from the Workshop of Thutmose) Usually depicted as equal to her husband

Punt

foreign land southeast of Nubia, maybe modern Somalia (not mentioned by other sources) Hatshepsut expedition here

Pylon

Massive gateway marking entrances

Ramesses II (the great)

3rd pharaoh of the 19th Dyn. Reign was the last peak of Egyptian imperial power, several battles against Hittites

Many building accomplishments, added to Luxor Temple

Ramesses III

2nd pharaoh of Dyn. 20 Last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom

known for military defense against threats

economic challenges

corruption

Rekhmire

Vizier to Thutmose III and oversaw upper Egypt admin. T-shaped mortuary chapel @ Deir el-Bahri (Valley of the Nobles), steward of Temple of Amun at Karnak.

Sea People

external threat, mass sea migrations + overland populations and refugees; migration due to drought, famine, and movements in Europe

Seqenenre Tao

Ruler of Dyn.17 Wounds found on skull of mummy. Kamose was son and kept leading battle against the Hyksos

Scarab

Sacred dung beetle, small carved object in the shape of a beetle.

Thebes

Capital of Egypt for 16-17th Dynasties and many more, Theban Necropolis - Valley of the Kings

Thutmose III

Became pharaoh after Hatshepsut. Napoleon of Egypt, Major battle at Megiddo.

Tribute

goods and resources forcibly collected from conquered lands

Tutankhamun

son of Akhenaten & queen kiya; takes the throne at 9, Dies at 19. His tomb was found mostly intact. Not the boy king but a warrior king.