Pharmacology Clear and Simple - Ch. 20 - Reproductive and Urinary Systems Medications

Hormones known as and their interactions are responsible for optimal functioning of testes and ovaries.

Gonadotropic Hormones

These 3 hormones are responsible for the production of both female estrogen and progeestin and testosterone.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) , Lutenizing Hormone (LH) and Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)

What does Follicle Stimulating Hormone regulate?

Sperm and Egg Production

Lutenizing hormone is responsible for what?

Triggering Release of Egg and promotes secretion of estrogen and progesterone in women .

In Men Lutenizing Hormone is called and regulates what?

ICSH, Testosterone Production

IF hormone levels are too high or too low what may be affected?

Fertility

The effect of too little progesterone in women is that?

Pregnancy wont be sustained

The effect of too much FSH or LH may be what/

Multiple births

Contraceptives such as medroxyprogesterone are used to prevent and stabilize .

Pregnancy, Menstural Cycles

These meds such as testosterone (AndroGel) are used when normally occuring hormones are lacking.

Hormone replacement meds

What are some of the most commonly used contraceptive drugs based on?

Hormones Women Naturally Produce

When administered as a drug how do hormones prevent Pregnancy?

By Overiding Bodies own Mechanism to makes estrogen and progesteronin

One of the most common forms of birth control is the?

Pill

This contraceptive measure provides differing amounts of estrogen and progesterin during the menstrual cycle. What is it?

Birth Control 'Pill"

Type of birth control pills that deliver constant amount of hormone during first 21 days of cycle. what is it?

Monophasic Pills (ethinyl, estradiol)

Type of birth control pills that contain varying amount of both estrogin and progestin with different strengths during monthly cycle, each dose annotated with a specific color. what is it?

Triphasic Pills( ethinyl estradiol)

Birth control that is slightly less effective that contains only progestin is what?

Minipill progestin (Errin, Ovrette, Provera)

Patients taking birth control contraceptive pills may experience symptoms of what?

Pregnancy

If cotraception fails what can a women take to prevent pregnancy?

Postcoital high-dose estrogen (Plan B)

What are 4 other methods by which contraceptive hormones may be delivered?

Vaginal Ring, Implants, Intrauterine Devices (IUD's), and Transdermal patches

This is a Flexible ring containing estrogen and progestrone inserted into vagina every month?

NuvaRing

How often is NuvaRing removed?

Every 3 Weeks and replaced with New one 1 week later

This IUD device contains hormone progestin that makes uterus bad environment for sperm and may be left in place up to 5 years. What is it?

Mirena (levonorgestrel interuterinsystem)

There is only one of these available is entonogestrel which contains hormone that prevent ovulation, and implantation of egg. What is it?

Implant

This form of contraception is a small, plastic rod containing meds placed in upper arm and can provide contraception for up to 3 years. What is it?

Implant

This type of IUD is naturally toxic to sperm and can be left in place for up to 10 years. What is it?

Copper IUD

These are patches contain ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin, to prevent ovulation. This is applied weekly for 3 weeks. What is it?

Transdermal patch

One serious side effect of all forms of contraceptives and one that increases with smoking and in women over 35 is what?

Blood clots

The only contraceptives effective against STD's and preventing pregnancy are what?

Barrier devices (Encare and Conceptrol)

Women experiencing menpause may choose to do what?

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

If women experiencing Menopause take estrogen without the addittion of Progesterone They risk what?

Endometrial Cancer

How is combination estrogen progestin therapy prescribed?

Pill (Prempro) or Patch (Climara Pro)

Hormone Replacement Therapy has been shown to decrese what 2 things?

Bone Loss, Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Hormone Replacement Therapy has been shown to increase risk for what 3 things?

Breast Cancer, Stroke, and Blood Clots

Term refers to permanent cessation of menses is?

Menopause

Hormone Replacement Therapy has been used to treat this in men because estrogen decreases testosterone levels.What is it?

Prostate Cancer

Condition in which vaginal bleeding occurs

Irregularly or too heavily?

Abnormal Uterie Bleeding

How is abnormal uterine bleeding corrected usually?

By Correcting Hormonal Imbalance that Typically Causes Imbalance

These alone can be prescribed to regulate the rate and rhythm and amount of menstruation. What is it?

Progestins (Progesterone)

The meds leuprolide (Eligard, Lupron) and goserelin (Zoladex) are classified as what?

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonists

These are frequently used to suppress buildup of the endometrial lining in patients with endometriosis by reducing estrogen levels in women. What are they?

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists

How often are gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists given?

Once a month lasting no more than 6 months

Symptoms of Endometriosis mimic the symptoms of what condition?

Menopause

Symptoms of endometriosis are long term and include what? (8)

Hot Flashes, Bone Loss, Lack of menstural Periods, Mood Swings, Insomnia, Headaches, Vaginal Dryness, and Increased cholesterol Levels

When does Labor need to occur?

When Baby is fully Developed and able to survive Outside Mother's Womb

What 2 labor meds may be used to speed up labor?

Cervical ripening agents, Oxytocin

What labor meds are used to slow or stop labor?

Tocolytics

These meds are applied topically to uterus to prepare it by sofetning cervix in hopes of initiating dilation. What are they?

Cervical Ripening Agents

This is a prostaglandin used for cervical ripening?

Dinoprostone (Prepidil)

How long after administering gel form dinoprostone to soften cervix will a nurse wait before applying second dose?

6 hours

How does the drug oxytocin speed up labor?

It stimulates the Uterus to Contract

Dinopostone and Oxytocin hould never be used how? Why is this?

Togeather, May Cause stronger than Desired Effect

If Labor fails to progress synthetic (Pitocin) can be given by the route to encourage the uterus to contract.

Oxytocin, IV Route

This drug may also be given after the baby is born to contract the uterus and help control postpartum bleeding. What is it?

Synthetic Oxytocin (Pitocin)

These drugs are used to slow or stop uterine contractions to prevent premature birth and allow baby to mature , especially its lungs.

Tocolytics

This drug is labled as a bronchodilator but also acts as a beta blocker to decrease uterine contractions what is it?

Terbutaline (Brethine)

This is usually the first drug given to treat a preterm labor problem?

Trebutaline (Brethine)

How long should trebutaline be used for?

Short Term Basis 24 to 48 hours

This drug has not been proven to stop preterm labor but is commonly used to treat preeclampsia and premature labor. What is it?

Magnesium Sulfate

Magnesium Sulfate may be given by the route for to hours and is thought to act as a by keeping calcium from uterus which is needed to contract.

IV, 24 to 48 hours, Calcium Channel Blocker

Though there is the belief that Magnesium Sulfate may reduce the possibility of Cerebral palsy in a preterm infant it does have side effects which include what? (3)

Hypotension, cardiac Arrhythmias, and Weakness

Calcium channel blocker med that relaxes smooth muscle such as uterus and taken orally is what?

Nifedipine (Adalat CC,Procardia)

When is the calcium channel blocking med nifedipine used?

Cermix mimally dilated, amniotic sac intact, other Tocolytic meds have not been Successful.

Med is strong NSAID administerd by IV, Oral, or Rectal route used as antiflamatory for joint condition but in labor has antiprostaglandin effect necessary for uterine contractions. WHat is it?

Indomethacin (Indocin)

When and for how long should the NSAID Indomethacin (Indocin) be used?

Last 2 Months of Pregnancy, Less ta=han 7 Days

Drugs that help ovaries release multiple eggs to increase chance of one being fertilized are reffered to as what?

Ovulation Stimulants

This is the drug of choice when infertility has no obvious cause and has minimal side effects. What is it?

Clomiphene

These meds include humegon, menopur, repronex are given as an injection that stimulates follicle ripening and release. What are they?

Menotropins

When is treatment with Menotropins indicated?

When woman has Functional Ovaries but Lack Hormonal Stimulation

This drug includes ovidrel, pregnyl and is given as injection in combination with clomiphene to stimulate release of mature egg. What is it?

Chorionic Gonadotropin

What should a patient undergoing treatment with fertility drugs?

Prepare for Possibility of Pregnancy with Multiple Featuses

How is Premenstrual Dysphroic Disorder frequently treated?

With SSRI's

What are four common symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorde (aka PMS)?

Hot Flashes, Depressions, Anxiety, and Pain

The 3 classes of drugs that would be used to treat vaginal infections include what?

Antibacterials 9(metronidazole "Flagyl)

Antivirals (acyclovir "Zovirax")

Antifungals (miconazole "Monistat")

Term for male sex hormones that promote maturation of male sexual organs and characteristics is what?

Androgens

Clinical term for male impotence is what?

Erectile Dysfunction

What 4 disorders is Erectile dysfunction linked to?

Diabetes, Stroke, Hypertension, and Atherosclerosis

What are 4 psychological explanations for erectile dysfunction?

Guilt, Fatigue, depression, Fear of Failure to Preform

Drugs such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors usually work by dilating the arteries leading to the penis constricting the veins and sustaining an erection.

Erectile dysfunction Drugs

Erectile dysfunction Meds such as sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn) and tadalafil (Adcirca, Cials) can be dangerous for patients with what? (4 things)

History cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, Sickle cell anemia,or Eye Problems

What is the name of this erectle dysfunction med that can either be directly injected into the penis or inserted as a urethral pellet?

Alporostadil (Caverject, Edex)

The erectile dysfunction med alporostadil (Caverject, Edex) begins to work within to minutes and lasts approximately .

5 to 20 minutes and last approx 1 Hour

How often should the erectile dysfunction drug alprostadil (Caverject, Edex) be taken? What are the common side effects?

No More Than Once a Day and Three Times a Week., Side Effects are Mild Pain at Injection Site

Reduced libido can occur in both men and women as a result of either or changessuch as or of aging (weight gain/loss, wrinkles, and saggy skin)

Emotional or Physiological changes, Depression or Physical Changes of aging

There are many Meds that can decrease libido can you name them? (11)

Benadryl, Aldactone, Aldomet, Catpres, Chlor-Trimeton, Valium, Alcohol, Zantec, Tagmet, Dopar, and Inderal

What class of drugs increase libido?

Amphetamines

What is the urinary system's main function?

Filtration of blood and removal of waste products kidneys have filtered out as unnecessary or dangerous.

The urinary system consists of what 4 parts?

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra

The kidneys act as , while the Ureters the filtered waste products to the which stores them until they can be removed from the body via the .

Filters, Transfer, Bladder, Urethra

When Human Chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG) is administered in an injection what does it do for a male patient?

Increases testosterone levels and Increases Sperm Production

This substance is naturally occuring in women and may be used to treat male infertility what is it?

Human Chroionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCG)

What are the most commonly used meds for the treatment of disorders and diseases of the urinary system?

Diuretics

These meds commonly reffered to as water pills increase excretion of body fluids from the kidneys. What are they?

Diuretics

What are the 2 most common conditions for which diuretics are used?

Hypertension and Heart Failure

How do Diuretics treat conditions such as hypertension and hear failure?

By Decreasing the Amount of circulating Volume to Lessen the Pressure on the Vessels

Other medical conditions requiring the use of diuretics are when hypertension and edema are present.

Kidney Failure

How do Diuretics treat Kidney stones?

Lessen Calcium Excreted in Urine

What are the 4 main categories of Diuretics?

Loop, Thiazide, Potassium Sparing, and Osmotic Diuretics

In what part of the urinary system do the most effective diuretics work?

Loop of Henle

Loop diuretics are mainly used this condition by decrease the volume of blood that the heart circulates through the body. What condition is it?

Congestive heart failure