Carbon Dioxide Transport/ANS Control

what are the three ways CO2 is transported between the tissues and alveolar aie

1. dissolved in plasma

2. bound to hemoglobin

3. bicarbonate ions

describe how CO2 is transported by dissolving in plasma

activity diffuses into the alveolar air and gets expired

describe how CO2 is transported by binding to hemoglobin

binds to amino acids on hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin

describe how CO2 is transported by bicarbonate ions

1. CO2 reacts with water and is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase to from carbonic acid

2. carbonic acid dissociated into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate

3. bicarbonate is moced out of the RBC and switches with CL ions (chloride shift)

what does the cerbral cortex do when it comes to respiration

• voluntarily alters patterns of breathing

• limited ability to hold breath (overridden by chemoreceptors)

• influenced by the hypothalamus and the limbic system (emotional stimuli)

what does chemoreceptores do when it comes to respiration

alter breathing rates and depth using a negative feedback system

what are chemoreceptor central control when it comes to respiration

central: medulla oblongata responds to changed in H and PCO2 in the CSF

what are chemoreceptor peripheral control when it comes to respiration

peripheral: aortic bodies (CNX) and carotid bodies (CNIX) respond to changes in H, Po2, and Pco2 in the blood