Module 6 Questions

As a rule of thumb, the __________ thoracic muscles are involved in expiration.

internal

The collapse or overexpansion of the tracheal walls is prevented by __________.

hyaline cartilage

All the following are terms for emesis, except __________

scarfing

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Internal respiration

A smoker can expect to have the alveolar wall break down decreasing respiratory surface area known as __________.

emphysema

If the ventilation rate is higher than the perfusion rate, there is not enough blood in the alveoli.

True

Match the term with the correct description

1. The volume of air that is lost if the lung collapses

2. The muscle that contracts during quiet breathing

3. The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath.

4. The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation.

1. Residual Volume

2. Diaphragm

3. Tidal Volume

4. Vital Capacity

Pulmonary ventilation is to the __________, as alveolar ventilation is to the __________.

conducting zone; respiratory zone

As a rule of thumb the __________ thoracic muscles are involved in inspiration.

external

The vocal cords are located in the __________.

larynx

During inspiration, the pressure outside is higher than the pressure inside.

True

the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood is termed __________.

alveolar ventilation

The two main functional zones of the respiratory tract are the __________ and the __________.

conducting zone; respiratory zone

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

Alveoli

Concerning bronchioles: the more branching the less cartilage & the more branching the less smooth muscle.

The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false

The submucosa of the trachea contains __________.

c- cartilages

__________ cells secrete __________, which __________.

Type II alveolar: surfactant; reduces surface tension

Another name for the conchae are __________.

turbinates

All the following are layers of the trachea, except the __________.

lumen

Pulmonary ventilation ends here:

terminal bronchioles

In quite breathing which involves __________ volume, inspiration is __________ and expiration is __________.

tidal -- active -- passive

Which is the description of the apneustic center?

Region of the pons that controls the depth of inspiration, particularly for deep breathing of the gasping reflex.

Which of the following conditions is caused by the narrowing and inflammation of the airways, often triggered by allergens or irritants?

Asthma

The two structural areas of the respiratory tract are the __________ and the __________.

upper respiratory tract; lower respiratory tract

All the following are bones with paranasal sinuses, except __________.

nasal

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory tract?

Pharynx

All the following are locations for chemoreceptors for pH/CO2, except the __________.

Pons

Type I alveolar cells are responsible for __________.

diffusion of gasses

Which structure prevents food from entering the lower respiratory tract during swallowing?

Epiglottis

The combination of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation is termed __________.

external respiration

Which part of the brain regulates the rate and depth of breathing?

Medulla oblongata

All the following facial bones contain paranasal sinuses, except __________.

palatine

Respiration is suspended during __________.

apnea

Which of the alveolar cells are responsible for the production of surfactant?

type II cells

Match the term with the correct description

1. An emusafying substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli.

2. A protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

3. Rapid breathing that can lead to decreased CO2 levels.

4. The primary site for gas exchange in the lungs.

1. Surfactant

2. Hemoglobin

3. Hyperventilation

4. Alveoli

Hyperventilation can lead to hypocapnia.

True

All the following are true of the paranasal sinuses, except __________.

they aid in olfaction

Match the respiratory control center with its function.

1. Pontine pneumotaxic center

2. Medullary ventral respiratory group

3. Medullary dorsal respiratory group

4. Pontine apneustic center

1. effort & rate coordination

2. forced inspiration and expiration

3. inspiratory action of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

4. gasping reflex

The reason for pulmonary ventilation (bulk flow) through the Conducting Zone is alveolar ventilation (diffusion) through the Respiratory Zone.

True

Lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America, usually occur in the alveoli.

False

The tracheal submucosa contains all the following, except __________.

goblet cells

Of the 9 cartilages of the larynx the __________ cartilage is the largest.

thyroid

The surface of the nasal cavity functions to do all the following, except __________ the air.

cool

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating the rhythmic pattern of breathing?

Medulla oblongata

The " Adam's apple" is a prominent ridge on the anterior of the __________.

thyroid cartilage

During expiration, the pressure outside is higher than the pressure inside.

False

The following is a list of respiration process. Place the numbers in the correct order.

1. Internal respiration

2. Pulmonary ventilation

3. Cellular respiration

4. Alveolar ventilation

5. Gas transport via blood circulation

2, 4, 5, 1, 3

Concerning neural control of breathing rate and depth, a(n) __________ in signal __________ leads to a(n) __________ in breathing __________.

increase -- number -- increase -- rate

Which of the following is most likely to occur at high altitude?

Respiratory alkalosis

If the ventilation rate is slower than the perfusion rate, there is not enough blood in the alveoli​.

False

During the process of external respiration, oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream because of:

A concentration gradient

The primary bronchi enter the __________, while the secondary bronchi enter the __________.

lungs -- lobes

Tissues starved of oxygen is termed __________.

hypoxia

The lower respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the __________.

trachea; alveoli

The reason for pulmonary ventilation (bulk flow) through the Respiratory Zone is alveolar ventilation (diffusion) through the Conduction Zone. ​

False

The alveolar surface tension is due to __________ bonds that is reduced by __________ secreted by __________ alveolar cells.

hydrogen -- surfactant -- type II

What is the main muscle responsible for the process of title volume inhalation?

Diaphragm

1. Functional residual capacity

2. Total lung capacity

3. Vital capacity

4. Inspiratory capacity

1. expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

2. title volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

3. title volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

4. title volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?

Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood by binding to hemoglobin.

An inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs is known as __________.

pleurisy

Concerning pulmonary ventilation, during inspiration, the __________ pressure is __________ than the __________ pressure.

outside; higher; inside

Alveolar ventilation begins here:

respiratory bronchioles

Which structure completely surrounds the larynx?

cricoid cartilage

Lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America usually occur in the bronchi.

True

Which of the following best describes the role of hemoglobin in the blood during external respiration?

It binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it through the bloodstream

The volume of air exchanged in normal, quiet breathing is called the:

Tidal volume

All the following are muscles of inspiration, except __________.

Internal intercostals

During inspiration, the pressure inside is higher than the pressure outside.

False

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi and increased mucus production?

Bronchitis

In what part of the CNS would you find the apneustic center?

Pons

During expiration, the pressure inside is higher than the pressure outside.​

True

The most normal beginning of pulmonary ventilation is the __________.

nose

If the ventilation rate is higher than the perfusion rate, there is not enough oxygen in the alveoli.​

False

The trachea has __________ layers and divides into two __________ at the __________.

3 -- bronchi -- carina

What is the term used to describe the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation?

Residual volume

The upper respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the __________.

nose; larynx

The "speedo shaped" cartilaginous structure between the trachea and primary bronchi is known as the __________.

carina

The area shared by the digestive and the respiratory system is the __________.

pharynx

__________ airways allow __________ resistance allowing __________ airflow.

wider; decreased; faster

After entering the bloodstream, carbon dioxide may do all the following, except __________.

bind to oxygen

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid

the right lung has __________ lobes; the left lung has __________ lobes.

3 -- 2

Dust and other foreign particles are trapped by cilia and mucus produced by the respiratory __________.

epithelium

Match the following definitions with the correct lung volume or capacity. (1/2)

1. The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath while resting.​

2. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration.​

3. The total volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation (sum of all lung volumes).​

4. The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximal inhalation.​

1. Tital Volume (TV)

2. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

3. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

4. Vital Capacity​ (VC)

Match the following definitions with the correct lung volume or capacity. (2/2)

1. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration.

2. The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal expiration.

3. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inspiration.​

4. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

1. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

2. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

3. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

4. Residual Volume (RV)

The auditory (eustachian) tube is located in the __________.

nasopharynx

The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as __________.

Bicarbonate ion

Which of the following describes the correct path of air from the environment to the lungs?

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli

What law explains the inverse relationship between gas volume and pressure in the lungs during ventilation?

Boyle's law

Concerning external respiration, the final anatomical portion of the __________ are the __________ that involve __________.

respiratory zone -- alveoli -- alveolar ventilation

All the following are muscles of expiration, except __________.

External intercostals

Which of the following is primarily responsible for regulating the rate of breathing in response to blood pH?

CO2

Hyperventilation can lead to hypercapnia.

False

During internal respiration, what happens at the cellular level?

Oxygen is diffused from the blood into body tissues, and carbon dioxide moves from tissues into the blood

Match the description with the anatomical structure.

1. The palatine tonsils are found here

2. Transports air & food

3. Contains 9 cartilages

4. The uvula blocks this during swallowing

1. Oropharynx

2. Laryngopharynx

3. Larynx

4. Nasopharynx

A __________ compliance produces a(n) __________.

high; easy expansion

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the respiratory centers?

carbon dioxide

By what processes are gasses moved in external and internal respiration?

Simple Diffusion

What branches within the mediastinum, giving rise to the right and left primary bronchi?

trachea

the conducting zone is to __________ as the respiratory zone is to __________.

bulk flow; diffusion