APUSH Unit 1 Terms

African Slaves in the 1600’s

\-small population

* later became chattel = lifelong property

Antinomian

* against institutions
* belief only in the saving grace of God

Bacon’s Rebellion

* frontier unprotected from native attacks →
* anger leads to rebellion →
* indentured servitude replaced with slavery

Calvinism

* predetermination

New England Colonies

* Colonies with religious motivations (Puritan)

Chesapeake + Middle Colonies

* agriculture led to lasting settlements
* exported tobacco, used indentured servitude and slavery

Deep South Carribean

* profitable area, sugarcane
* brutal slavery

City Upon a Hill

* John Winthrop
* idea that community would serve as an example
* concept of American exceptionalism stems from this sentiment

Colombian Exhcange

* transfer of food, diseases, wealth, and culture between Europe and the Americas

Connecticut

* Thomas Hooker + Puritans split from Massachusetts
* Created Fundamental orders, provided representative government
* example of political democracy

The Carolinas

* proprietary colony post Puritan revolt
* failed with silk → slavery

Declension

* move away from Puritan ideals
* example: halfway covenant

Delaware

* Dutch settlement (joint stock)
* taken by English, had assembly but shared Pennsylvania gov

Dominion of New England

* attempt to enforce Navigation Acts
* Gov Edmund Andros takes over and Church of England
* Glorious Revolution → Andros is arrested

Dutch Colonization of the New World

* more trading posts
* New Amsterdam
* Dutch West India Company

Enclosure Movement

* textile industry → need more land for sheep → peasants kicked out → migration to America

Econmienda System

* Spanish system in which conquistadors get land
* meant to Christianize and educate → treated them more like slaves

English Puritanism

* Make Church of England pure and less Catholic
* self-reliance, moral fortitude, intellectualism

Enlightenment

* philosophical movement, age of reason
* notions of social contract and human rights
* Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson promoted Enlightenment thinking in America

Enumerated Goods

* goods that could only be shipped to England
* example of mercantilism

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

* 1st formal constitution in New World
* did not agree that king’s power comes from God
* power comes from consent of governed

Georgia

* James Oglethorpe’s charter colony
* buffer between colonies and Florida(Spain owned it)

Great Awakening

* reaction to Enlightenment caused Christians to emphasize faith
* Example: sinners in the Hand of an Angry God
* Divided Old Lights and New Lights

Halfway Covenant

* reaction to Declension and decline fo Church membership
* permits Baptism if Grandparents were baptized

Harvard, William & Mary, Yale, and Princeton

* oldest universities associated with Protestant

Headright

* way to attract settlers
* 50 acres for settling, 50 for indentured servants, and servants get 50 acres after working 5-7 years

Holy Experiment

* William Penn’s vision for religious freedom/harmony

House of Burgesses

* assembly in Virginia
* 1st rep house in America
* required private ownership of 50 acres
* adopted model of Parliament reflecting the influence of English values

Anne Hutchinson

* claimed to have revelations contradictory to Bible → kicked out on account of being Antinomian → moves to Rhode Island

Interregnum

* Civil wars with Oliver Cromwell(a Puritan) as Lord Protector of England
* led to less migration to America

Jamestown

* early colony that struggled
* eventually used tobacco as cash crop

King Phillip’s War

* English vs France, made no territorial changes

lost colony / Roanoke

* 1st english settlement

Maroons

* escaped slave communities

Maryland

* proprietary colony for Catholics
* Lord Baltimore. institutes religous freedom

Massachusetts Bay Charter

* self government in Massachusetts
* male property holders allowed to vote

Massachusetts Bay Colony

* founded by Congregationalists( Puritans who wanted Anglicanism to reform from within)
* fleeing persecution
* John Winthrop and city on a hill

Middle Passage

* Part of triangular trade
* from Africa to Caribbean

Navigation Acts

* colonists can only sell certain products to England

New Lights

* Christians focused on conversion experience and God’s saving grace

New England Confederation

* an attempt at centralized government in US
* brought Massachusetts, New Haven, Plymouth, and Connecticut

New Hampshire

* royal colony
* had fisheries

New York and New Jersey

* colony James Duke of York allows self governance until James II became king and broke his promise

Nonseperatists

* wanted to purify Church of England without leaving it
* example: Massachusetts Bay Colony

Northwest Passage

* an all water passage across America with access to Asia
* could not be found by French English or Dutch as it did not exist

Old Lights

* Christians who emphasized good order and theological schooling

Pennsylvania

* founded for Quakers
* had rep assembly

Perpetual Servitude

* chattel slavery
* owned through generations

Proprietorships

* colonies as gift from the king

Pre-Colombian era

* time before Colombus’s arrival
* time of hunter gather farming societies

Praying Towns

* natives who converted to Christianity
* regarded as 2nd class citizens

Price Revolution

* spanish gold and silver cause inflation and social disruption

Protestant Reformation

* Martin Luther calls out the Pope/Catholic Church
* contested that people can read the bible

Pueblo Revolt

* killing of 300 Spaniards
* allowed to continue cultural practices

Quakers

* Christians who believed that divine revelation mattered not the Bible and institutions

Religious Liberalism

* calvinist doctrine
* goodness of human nature

Rhode Island

* colony
* Roger Williams flees Massachusetts
* buys land from natives

Salem Witch Trials

* 130 ppl executed for witchcraft

Salutary Neglect

* British policy with colony
* \

Spanish Armada

* navy of Spanish that established dominance
* its defeat led to English and French colonialism

Squanto

* native who helped Pilgrims survive

“Starving Time”

* Jamestown’s period of bad luck where food was dependent on American Indians

Stono Uprising

* early large slave rebellion

Tory Party

* supported monarchy in Americas

Triangular Trade

* result of mercantalism
* Europeans purchase slaves with foods
* slaves transported to carribean for commodities
* commodities sold in Europe
* cycle of trade

two treatises of government

* john locke
* influenced Deceleration of Independence

types of british colonies in the new world

* charter = colonists are part of a corporation
* royal = governor selected by king
* proprietary = individuals are given a colony

Vice Admiralty Courts

* courts established to deal with maritime law
* dealt with smuggling

Whig Party

* politicians opposed to anything that resembled the monarchy

William Penn

* friend of King Charles
* given Pennsylvania which attracted many due to its liberal policies

Writs of Assistance

* smuggling searches which did not require warrants/evidence
* colonists viewed this as a violation of fundamental

John Peter Zenger

* german newspaper publisher/printer
* established precedent for freedom of press