APUSH Unit 1 Terms

African Slaves in the 1600’s

African Slaves in the 1600’s

-small population

• later became chattel = lifelong property

Antinomian

• against institutions

• belief only in the saving grace of God

Bacon’s Rebellion

• frontier unprotected from native attacks →

• anger leads to rebellion →

• indentured servitude replaced with slavery

Calvinism

• predetermination

New England Colonies

• Colonies with religious motivations (Puritan)

Chesapeake + Middle Colonies

• agriculture led to lasting settlements

• exported tobacco, used indentured servitude and slavery

Deep South Carribean

• profitable area, sugarcane

• brutal slavery

City Upon a Hill

• John Winthrop

• idea that community would serve as an example

• concept of American exceptionalism stems from this sentiment

Colombian Exhcange

• transfer of food, diseases, wealth, and culture between Europe and the Americas

Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker + Puritans split from Massachusetts

• Created Fundamental orders, provided representative government

• example of political democracy

The Carolinas

• proprietary colony post Puritan revolt

• failed with silk → slavery

Declension

• move away from Puritan ideals

• example: halfway covenant

Delaware

• Dutch settlement (joint stock)

• taken by English, had assembly but shared Pennsylvania gov

Dominion of New England

• attempt to enforce Navigation Acts

• Gov Edmund Andros takes over and Church of England

• Glorious Revolution → Andros is arrested

Dutch Colonization of the New World

• more trading posts

• New Amsterdam

• Dutch West India Company

Enclosure Movement

• textile industry → need more land for sheep → peasants kicked out → migration to America

Econmienda System

• Spanish system in which conquistadors get land

• meant to Christianize and educate → treated them more like slaves

English Puritanism

• Make Church of England pure and less Catholic

• self-reliance, moral fortitude, intellectualism

Enlightenment

• philosophical movement, age of reason

• notions of social contract and human rights

• Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson promoted Enlightenment thinking in America

Enumerated Goods

• goods that could only be shipped to England

• example of mercantilism

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• 1st formal constitution in New World

• did not agree that king’s power comes from God

• power comes from consent of governed

Georgia

• James Oglethorpe’s charter colony

• buffer between colonies and Florida(Spain owned it)

Great Awakening

• reaction to Enlightenment caused Christians to emphasize faith

• Example: sinners in the Hand of an Angry God

• Divided Old Lights and New Lights

Halfway Covenant

• reaction to Declension and decline fo Church membership

• permits Baptism if Grandparents were baptized

Harvard, William & Mary, Yale, and Princeton

• oldest universities associated with Protestant

Headright

• way to attract settlers

• 50 acres for settling, 50 for indentured servants, and servants get 50 acres after working 5-7 years

Holy Experiment

• William Penn’s vision for religious freedom/harmony

House of Burgesses

• assembly in Virginia

• 1st rep house in America

• required private ownership of 50 acres

• adopted model of Parliament reflecting the influence of English values

Anne Hutchinson

• claimed to have revelations contradictory to Bible → kicked out on account of being Antinomian → moves to Rhode Island

Interregnum

• Civil wars with Oliver Cromwell(a Puritan) as Lord Protector of England

• led to less migration to America

Jamestown

• early colony that struggled

• eventually used tobacco as cash crop

King Phillip’s War

• English vs France, made no territorial changes

lost colony / Roanoke

• 1st english settlement

Maroons

• escaped slave communities

Maryland

• proprietary colony for Catholics

• Lord Baltimore. institutes religous freedom

Massachusetts Bay Charter

• self government in Massachusetts

• male property holders allowed to vote

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• founded by Congregationalists( Puritans who wanted Anglicanism to reform from within)

• fleeing persecution

• John Winthrop and city on a hill

Middle Passage

• Part of triangular trade

• from Africa to Caribbean

Navigation Acts

• colonists can only sell certain products to England

New Lights

• Christians focused on conversion experience and God’s saving grace

New England Confederation

• an attempt at centralized government in US

• brought Massachusetts, New Haven, Plymouth, and Connecticut

New Hampshire

• royal colony

• had fisheries

New York and New Jersey

• colony James Duke of York allows self governance until James II became king and broke his promise

Nonseperatists

• wanted to purify Church of England without leaving it

• example: Massachusetts Bay Colony

Northwest Passage

• an all water passage across America with access to Asia

• could not be found by French English or Dutch as it did not exist

Old Lights

• Christians who emphasized good order and theological schooling

Pennsylvania

• founded for Quakers

• had rep assembly

Perpetual Servitude

• chattel slavery

• owned through generations

Proprietorships

• colonies as gift from the king

Pre-Colombian era

• time before Colombus’s arrival

• time of hunter gather farming societies

Praying Towns

• natives who converted to Christianity

• regarded as 2nd class citizens

Price Revolution

• spanish gold and silver cause inflation and social disruption

Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther calls out the Pope/Catholic Church

• contested that people can read the bible

Pueblo Revolt

• killing of 300 Spaniards

• allowed to continue cultural practices

Quakers

• Christians who believed that divine revelation mattered not the Bible and institutions

Religious Liberalism

• calvinist doctrine

• goodness of human nature

Rhode Island

• colony

• Roger Williams flees Massachusetts

• buys land from natives

Salem Witch Trials

• 130 ppl executed for witchcraft

Salutary Neglect

• British policy with colony

Spanish Armada

• navy of Spanish that established dominance

• its defeat led to English and French colonialism

Squanto

• native who helped Pilgrims survive

“Starving Time”

• Jamestown’s period of bad luck where food was dependent on American Indians

Stono Uprising

• early large slave rebellion

Tory Party

• supported monarchy in Americas

Triangular Trade

• result of mercantalism

• Europeans purchase slaves with foods

• slaves transported to carribean for commodities

• commodities sold in Europe

• cycle of trade

two treatises of government

• john locke

• influenced Deceleration of Independence

types of british colonies in the new world

• charter = colonists are part of a corporation

• royal = governor selected by king

• proprietary = individuals are given a colony

Vice Admiralty Courts

• courts established to deal with maritime law

• dealt with smuggling

Whig Party

• politicians opposed to anything that resembled the monarchy

William Penn

• friend of King Charles

• given Pennsylvania which attracted many due to its liberal policies

Writs of Assistance

• smuggling searches which did not require warrants/evidence

• colonists viewed this as a violation of fundamental

John Peter Zenger

• german newspaper publisher/printer

• established precedent for freedom of press