Chapter 5 Bio

evidence of evolution: fossils

evidence of evolution: fossils

preservation, mould

homologous structure

structures built to a common plan, adapted for different purposes

natural selection

survival of the fittest

analogous structures

wings of birds and insects, have same function but not same structure

artificial classification

classification based on analogous structures

natural classification

classification based on similarities and differences

Phylogenetic classification

classification based on homologous structures, believed to reflect evolutionary relationships

Cladogram

diagram illustrating evolutionary relationships between species

branch points

representing the time at which a divide between two taxa occurred

degree of divergence

representing the differences that have developed between the two taxa since they diverged

dendrogram

a diagram that shows the attribute distances between each pair of sequentially merged class

clade

group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor

serum

liquid produced from blood samples from which blood cells and fibrinogen have been removed

comparative serology

technique used to compare species using serum

KPCOFGS

kingdom phyla class order family genus species

Bryophyta

mosses and liverworts

Filicinophyta

ferns

Coniferophyta

conifers

Angiospermophyta

flowering plants

Porifera

sponges

Cnidaria

jellyfish

Platyhelminthes

flatworms

Nematoda

round worms

Mollusca

molluscs

Arthropoda

jointed-limbed animals

Osteichthyes

bony fish

Amphibia

amphibians

Reptilia

reptiles

Aves

birds

Mammalia

mammals