Studied by 505 peopleMercantilism
the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, such as with gold or silver, which a government should encourage by the use of protectionism, such as tariffs.
Triangular Trade
trade in the 18th and 19th centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities which were in turn shipped back to Britain.
Navigation Acts
a series of laws designed to restrict England’s carrying trade to English ships, effective chiefly in the 17th and 18th centuries. The measures, originally framed to encourage the development of English shipping so that adequate auxiliary vessels would be available in wartime, became a form of trade protectionism during an era of mercantilism.
Jamestown
town in Virginia; site of the first permanent English settlement in America in 1607
Molasses Act
Protectionist British act that imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies.
Salutary Neglect
policy of the British Crown of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, especially trade laws, on the colonies as long as British colonies remained loyal to the Crown.
Maryland Toleration Act
first North American law enforcing religious freedom. Allowed for diverse populations of settlers in the Mid-Atlantic.
Great Awakening
Christian religious movement that swept across the British Colonies in North America. Secular rationalism was emphasized by Protestants and evangelical churches had increased membership
Headright system
parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
Barbados Slave Code (1688)
Provided legal basis for slavery in a British Atlantic territory. Allowed plantation owners to use any means necessary (with slaves) to grow crops.
John Winthrop
Leading figure in founding the Massachusetts Bay colony. Led the first large wave of English colonists to the Americas and served as governor for the colony.
Beaver Wars
War in which the Iroquois terrorized French settlements, beat other competing natives, and took control of the fur trade.
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