chemistry unit 8

kinetic energy

the energy of objects in motion

how the motion of gas particles relate to the temperature

temp is a measure of avg kinetic energy of particles. as gas moves faster, temp increases. as gas moves slower, temp decreases.

kelvin

temp scale that is directly proportional to average kinetic energy of molecules

motion and attraction of particles that make up a solid

vibrating in place and less energy

motion and attraction of particles that make up a liquid

flowing past one another and has more energy

boyle’s law equation

P1V1=P2V2

as pressure increases

temperature increases

charles’ law equation

V1T1=V2T2

as volume increases

temperature decreases and pressure decreases

ideal gas law equation

PV=nRT

n =

the number of molecules

r is the

gas constant

ideal gases always stay ____ and never undergo _______

gases, phase change

melting point

between solid and liquid

boiling point

between liquid and gas

sublimation

when a substance goes from a solid to as gas and skips the liquid phase

evaporation

a liquid changes into a gas

kinetic theory

all matter is made of particles in continuous motion

vapor pressure

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form in a closed system

barometer

used to measure air pressure

boyle’s law

describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at a constant temperature

gay-lussac’s law

the pressure of a gas increases as is temperature increases, assuming constant mass and volume

charle’s law

the direct relationship between a gas's volume and its absolute temperature when pressure and the amount of gas are kept constant

pascal

SI unit of pressure

absolute zero

the theoretical lowest temperature where particles have minimal motion, internal energy, and entropy (disorder) reaches its minimum