Occupational Health: CHAPT 1-4

OSHA standard 29 CFR Part 1910

The most important federal standards governing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).

29 CFR 1910.1030

Federal regulation concerning blood borne pathogens in the workplace.

29 CFR 1910.1450

Federal regulation addressing hazardous chemicals and their management.

29 CFR 1910.101

Federal regulation related to the safe handling of compressed gases.

29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.140

Federal regulations that outline requirements for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

OSHA standard 29 CFR Part 1910

Most important federal standards governing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).

29 CFR 1910.1030

Regulation concerning blood borne pathogens.

29 CFR 1910.1450

Regulation related to hazardous chemicals.

29 CFR 1910.101

Regulation governing compressed gases.

29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.140

Regulations pertaining to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970

A federal law that established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure workplace safety for nongovernment employers.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A federal agency created by the Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970 responsible for enforcing workplace safety standards.

Protective occupational standards

Regulations established by OSHA to ensure safe working conditions for employees.

Inspection and monetary penalties

Methods used by OSHA to enforce compliance with occupational safety standards.

OSHA standard 29 CFR Part 1910

The most important federal standards governing occupational health and safety.

29 CFR 1910.1030

OSHA standard that addresses blood borne pathogens in the workplace.

29 CFR 1910.1450

OSHA standard that regulates hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

29 CFR 1910.101

OSHA standard that pertains to the handling of compressed gases.

29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.140

OSHA standards that cover personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements in the workplace.

Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970

A federal law that established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to enforce protective occupational standards.

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, created by the Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970 to oversee workplace safety for nongovernment employers.

OSHA Standard 29 CFR Part 1910

The most important federal standards governing occupational health and safety.

29 CFR 1910.1030

OSHA standard that addresses blood borne pathogens in the workplace.

29 CFR 1910.1450

OSHA standard that pertains to hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

29 CFR 1910.101

OSHA standard related to the handling of compressed gases.

29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.140

OSHA standards that cover personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related diseases and injuries.

Office of Federal Agency Programs (OFAP)

A division that provides oversight of occupational health and safety (OHS) programs.

OSHA 300 Log

A log maintained by employers to record work-related injuries and illnesses, including specific criteria for recordability.

First report of injury or illness

An alternative form to OSHA Form 301 that employers use to inform insurers about work-related injuries or illnesses.

Adverse-reaction reports

Reports maintained by each worksite to determine thresholds for reporting adverse reactions, such as accidents.

First-Aid Log

A record maintained by supervisors of all non-recordable minor injuries treated outside the internal Occupational Health unit.

Occupational Health Log

A record of periodic and episodic visits to the occupational health clinic for preventive care or work-related issues.

Periodic visits

Routine, scheduled visits for preventive care, such as immunizations.

Episodic visits

Visits needed due to work-related illness or injury.

OHSP Goal

To prevent occupational injury and illness.

Effective OHSP

Based on seven basic concepts including Knowing the Hazards and Avoiding and controlling exposures.

Training and Education

Essential components of an effective Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP).

Rules and Guidelines

Framework that supports the implementation of an OHSP.

Consistency

Important for maintaining the effectiveness of an OHSP.

Recordkeeping and Monitoring

Necessary for tracking the effectiveness of health and safety measures.

Commitment and Coordination

Key elements for the success of an OHSP.

Accountability

The obligation of individuals and institutions to ensure a safe work environment.

Senior Official

The individual or body with ultimate responsibility for workplace safety.

Program Managers

Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) with authority to enforce health and safety programs.

Program Implementers

Individuals responsible for training within the OHSP.

Employee Responsibility

Safety is a collective concern that involves all employees.

Institutional Responsibilities

Include Animal care & use, Research, Environmental health & safety, Occupational Health, and Administration & Management.

Priority List in Occupational Health Program

A structured approach to prioritize health and safety measures.

1O Prevention

Focuses on controlling or eliminating hazards to prevent occupational injuries.

2O Prevention

Involves premorbid case detection, treating individuals after exposure but before symptoms appear.

3O Prevention

Case finding and disease management for individuals who are already sick from exposure.

Flammables

Substances that can easily ignite and catch fire.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

An organization that classifies fires into different types based on their characteristics.

Class A

Fires involving combustible materials like animal bedding, paper gowns, and lab wipes.

Class B

Fires involving flammable liquids and gases, such as cleaning solutions and anesthetic liquids.

Flashpoint

The temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapors to propagate a flame.

Combustible

A liquid with a flashpoint greater than 100°F but less than 200°F.

Flammable

A liquid with a flashpoint less than 100°F.

Class C

Fires involving electrical equipment, such as computers and lighting.

Class D

Fires involving flammable metals, such as potassium and sodium.

Alpha particles

Particles consisting of 2 neutrons and 2 protons that cannot penetrate the skin.

Beta particles

Electrons that can damage skin and eyes.

X-rays

Electromagnetic radiation produced by the dislocation of electrons.

Gamma rays

High-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted during nuclear decay.

Ultraviolet Radiation

A type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light, divided into UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C.

UV-A

Wavelength range of 320-400nm, associated with skin pigmentation and emitted by sunlight and black lights.

UV-B

Wavelength range of 280-320nm, known for causing photokeratitis, cataracts, and erythema, primarily from sunlight.

UV-C

Wavelength range of 100-280nm, known for its germicidal effects, typically emitted by germicidal lamps.

Window Glass radiation protection

Effective at blocking UV light below 320nm (UV-B and UV-C), unless from a very intense source.

LASER

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

ANSI

The American National Standards Institute, which also regulates fume hoods and goggles

Class I

A laser classification indicating no hazardous radiation

Class II

A laser classification indicating insufficient power to cause accidental injury, but potential for injury with prolonged viewing

Class IIIa

A laser classification indicating potential injury if viewed with binoculars

Class IIIb

A laser classification indicating potential injury if viewed directly

Class IV

A laser classification indicating the potential to start fires

85 dBA

Noise level at which exposed employees must participate in a hearing-conservation program including monitoring and training.

90 dBA

OSHA limit for employee noise exposure averaged over an 8-hour work shift.

Engineering controls

Measures taken to control hazards by implementing quieter machines and shielding.

Administrative controls

Strategies such as PPE or limiting time spent in noisy areas to protect employees.

ABSL 1

Well-characterized agents that are not known to cause disease in healthy humans.

ABSL 2

Moderate-risk agents (indigenous) that cause human disease by percutaneous, mucous membrane, or ingestion.

ABSL 3

Agents with risks of respiratory transmission that can cause serious and potentially lethal infections; aerosol transmission has a high likelihood of morbidity and/or mortality unless treated; vaccines available.

ABSL 4

Exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease by aerosol route where no treatment is available.

Rat urinary protein (Rattus n1)

Disturbance of litter aerosolizes little clouds that float for 15-25 minutes.

Mouse urinary protein (Mus m 1)

100 times more concentrated in urine than in serum; males secrete 4 times as much in urine as females.

Guinea pig allergen

Major allergen found in urine; minor allergens include dander and saliva.

Rabbit allergen

Major allergen is a glycoprotein in fur; minor allergens include saliva and urine.

Fel d 1

Cat allergen produced in sebaceous glands and saliva; NOT found in urine; very persistent in the environment, fading away in 20 weeks.

Can f 1

Dog protein present in saliva, hair, and skin; NOT found in urine; dog albumin is also allergenic.

Bird allergen

Allergen protein found in pigeon serum and droppings; hypersensitivity pneumonitis occurs several hours after repeated exposure; mediated by IgG, not IgE; symptoms include fever, chills, myalgia, and coughing.

Infection Control Biosafety Officer

An individual appointed by an institution to oversee biosafety risk management, required for NIH-funded research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules in BSL 3 or BSL 4 settings.

Elimination

The most effective control method that involves physically removing a hazard.

Substitution

A control method that involves replacing a hazardous material or process with a less hazardous one.

Engineering controls

Measures that isolate workers from hazards, such as the installation of chemical fume hoods.

Administrative controls

Changes in work practices designed to minimize exposure potential, considered the most important element in controlling exposures.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Barriers between workers and hazards that cannot be controlled by other means, serving as the final measure for controlling exposure and the least effective control method.

Time-Weighted Average (TWA)

A measure of the average exposure to a substance over an 8-hour work period.

TWA for formaldehyde

0.75 ppm (parts per million) is the acceptable average exposure level for formaldehyde over an 8-hour period.