In U.S. history, the period immediately following the Civil War.
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13th Amendment
This amendment made slavery illegal forever in the United States.
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14th Amendment
This amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized within the U.S. except for the Indians.
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15th Amendment
This amendment gave African American men the right to vote.
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Black Codes
These restricted black people's right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.
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Freedmen's Bureau
This was an agency of Reconstruction that offered aid to African Americans.
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Ku Klux Klan
A secret society organized and active in the southern United States after the Civil War, which sought to regain white supremacy over newly freed blacks.
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Sharecropping
To work (farmland) as a sharecropper, giving a portion of the crop to the landowner.
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Freedmen
One who has been released from slavery.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
This was a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
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Poll Tax
A tax levied on a person, rather than a piece of property, as a prerequisite for voting.
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Jim Crow Laws
These laws were a collection of state and local statues that legalized racial segregation.
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Segregation
The practice of separating people according to groups, especially racial groups.
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Literacy Test
Test of reading and writing that decided if a person could vote.
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