Business Unit 1+2 Alevel Formulas

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32 Terms

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% mark up
(Difference in price/original cost) X 100
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Price elasticity of demand (PED)
% change in quantity demanded / % change in price
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Income elasticity of demand (YED)
% change in quantity demanded/% change in income
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net cash flow
cash inflows - cash outflows
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opening balance
cash balance at the start of the month
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closing balance
opening balance + net cash flow
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cumulative flow
sum of all closing balances
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sales revenue
selling price X quantity sold
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total variable costs
variable cost per unit X quantity sold
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total costs
fixed costs + variable costs
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profit
total revenue - total costs
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break even output
fixed costs/contribution per unit
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contribution per unit
selling price per item - variable cost per item
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total contribution
contribution per unit X quantity sold
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margin of safety
actual output - break even ouput
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profit
contribution - fixed costs
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budget variance
budget amount - actual amount
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gross profit
sales revenue - cost of sales
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gross profit margin
(gross profit/revenue) X 100
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net operating profit
gross profit - (fixed costs+variable costs)
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operating profit margin
(operating profit/revenue) X 100
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net capital employed
non-current liabilities + equity
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current ratio
current assets/current liabilities
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acid test ratio
(current assets - stock)/current liabilities
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capital intensity
capital goods/fixed costs X 100
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labour productivity
output/number of employees
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labour turnover
number of employees leaving/total number of employees X 100
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average cost per unit
total production costs/total output
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actual output/maximum possible output X 100
capacity utilisation
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Return on capital employed (ROCE)
(Operating profit / capital employed) x 100
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Operating profit
Gross Profit - Expenses
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Capital employed
Total equity + non current liabilities

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