Caliphates

Caliph

A leader of “successor to the Prophet”

Caliphate

An empire ruled by a caliph

Divide between Sunnis and Shias

Shia Muslims believe that the Prophet publicly designated to Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali

Sunnis consider the caliphs as the immediate successors of the Prophet.

Umayyad Caliphate

A sunni Caliphate who fought against Abu Bakr and his son. This fight deepened the divide between Sunnis and Shias. They expanded their territory not Cordoba Spain and ended their expansion in France

Abbasid Caliphate

A Caliphate in Baghdad which was geographically protected. They established the House of Wisdom.

House of Wisdom

A place where Math, Medicine, and Astronomy was studied. There were also Greek and Latin textbooks translated into Arabic.

The Ottoman Empire

A very successful empire, had a strong military, they attacked Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul.

Constantinople/ Istanbul

Was the capital of the Byzantine Empire until the Ottomans conquered it and renamed it.

Trade in the Islamic World

Was a necessity for them, they weren’t able to grow food. Traded with Asia, Africa within the Empires