B4b Revision TRIPLE BIO Q2

Natural Selection

The process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Evolution

The gradual change in the characteristics of a population over time due to changes in the gene pool.

Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics due to genetic mutations.

Fossils

The preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past, providing evidence for evolution.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

A theory that explains how species adapt and evolve through natural selection.

Selective Breeding

The process of breeding plants and animals for specific traits.

Genetic Modification

The alteration of an organism's genome using biotechnology.

Ardipithecus ramidus (Ardi)

An early hominid species that lived 4.4 million years ago, providing evidence of human evolution.

Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy)

A hominid species that lived 3.2 million years ago and had both bipedal and arboreal traits.

Pentadactyl Limb

A limb with five digits, common in many vertebrates, suggesting a common ancestry.

Stone Tools

Artifacts created by early humans, providing evidence for the development of human technology and culture.

Genomic Analysis

The study of an organism's complete set of DNA, used to classify organisms into three domains.

Plasmid DNA

A small, circular piece of DNA used as a vector in genetic engineering.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

An organism whose genome has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Speciation

The process through which new species arise from existing ones.

Competition

The struggle between organisms to survive in an environment with limited resources.

Allele

A variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits.

Gene Pool

The total collection of genes in a population at any one time.

Survival of the Fittest

The concept that individuals better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.