Chapter 13-15 Homework Review
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This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to mutations, RNA processing, gene expression, translation, and their significance in genetics and evolution.
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What changes does a missense mutation cause in a protein?
It changes one amino acid in the protein.
What is a nonsense mutation?
A mutation that creates a premature stop codon.
What is a silent mutation?
A mutation that causes no change in the resulting protein.
What impact does a frameshift mutation have on a gene?
It changes the reading frame of the gene.
What modification is made to mRNA during RNA processing in eukaryotes?
Adding a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail.
Are introns coding sequences that are expressed in proteins? (True/False)
False.
Where is RNA translated into proteins?
In the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
How is gene expression primarily regulated in cells?
By controlling transcription.
What does alternative splicing allow for in gene expression?
It allows one gene to produce multiple protein variants.
What is the role of ribosomes during translation?
They synthesize proteins by linking amino acids based on the mRNA sequence.
What is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis?
AUG.
What do transcription factors do?
They assist RNA polymerase in binding to the promoter region.
Why are mutations significant in genetics and evolution?
They introduce new genetic variation essential for evolution.
What are the potential effects of mutations on an organism?
They can lead to variations in traits, which can be harmless, beneficial, or harmful.
What is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?
Aneuploidy, or abnormal chromosome number in gametes.
What is the first amino acid added during translation?
Methionine.
What is transcription?
The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA.
What is translation?
The synthesis of proteins from mRNA.
What is splicing in relation to pre-mRNA?
The removal of introns from pre-mRNA.
What are telomeres?
Protective caps on the ends of chromosomes.
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