Coastal Sand Dunes

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Coastal Systems

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8 Terms

1
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Humus

  • Rich, dark, organic component of soil

  • Forms from the decomposition of dead plant and animal matter

  • Provides essential nutrients and improves soil structure, water retention, and fertility

  • Acts as a carbon sink

2
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Sand Dune Succession

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3
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Stage 1 

  • Embryo dune

  • Young and very small

  • Pioneer species colonise and stabilise the sand 

  • Sand accumulates around the newly colonised plant

  • These dunes are fragile and tides can easily wash them away

<ul><li><p>Embryo dune</p></li><li><p>Young and very small</p></li><li><p>Pioneer species colonise  and stabilise the sand&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Sand accumulates around the newly colonised plant</p></li><li><p>These dunes are fragile and tides can easily wash them away</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Stage 2 

  • Foredune

  • Behind the embryo dunes as they build up 

  • Marram grass begins to grow, stabilising the dune further

  • Species start to become more diverse and cover the ground

<ul><li><p>Foredune</p></li><li><p>Behind the embryo dunes as they build up&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Marram grass begins to grow, stabilising the dune further</p></li><li><p>Species start to become more diverse and cover the ground</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Stage 3

  • Yellow dune

  • Sit above the beach level

  • The diversity of organisms increases

  • Marram grass incorporate humus, into the dune, creating soil - making the sand/soil more nutrient-rich

<ul><li><p>Yellow dune</p></li><li><p>Sit above the beach level</p></li><li><p>The diversity of organisms increases</p></li><li><p>Marram grass incorporate humus, into the dune, creating soil - making the sand/soil more nutrient-rich</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Stage 4

  • Grey dune

  • Have more protection  

  • Sand is more protected from the wind and stabilised by vegetation

  • Fixed dunes 

  • Soil improves

<ul><li><p>Grey dune</p></li><li><p>Have more protection &nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Sand is more protected from the wind and stabilised by vegetation</p></li><li><p>Fixed dunes&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Soil improves</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Dune Slack (Stage 5)

  • The dip between sand dunes

  • Moist or entirely filled with water

  • Nutrient-rich and home to a variety of plants and animals 

<ul><li><p>The dip between sand dunes </p></li><li><p>Moist or entirely filled with water</p></li><li><p>Nutrient-rich and home to a variety of plants and animals&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Stage 6

  • Mature dune

  • Reaches climax community - final point of a succession that stays unchanged 

  • Conditions are much more favourable, with moisture and nutrient-rich soils

  • Far above the high-tide level

<ul><li><p>Mature dune</p></li><li><p>Reaches&nbsp;<span>climax community - final point of a succession that stays unchanged&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p>Conditions are much more favourable, with moisture and nutrient-rich soils</p></li><li><p>Far above the high-tide level</p></li></ul><p></p>

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