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London population (industrial revolution)
1801 (950 thousand)
1851 (2300 thousand)
Water pump statistics
Shared between 20-30 families, available 3-5 hours a week
cholera epidemic statistics
1831 - 20,000 died
MPs discussed whether or not to hold a prayer day (cholera epidemic)
1848
Chadwick published his report on 'the sanitary conditions of the labouring population'
1842
First public health act
1848
Board of health ended
1854
cholera epidemic that helped to change attitudes
1854
John Snow suggests that cholera is spread by polluted water
1849
Great stink
1858
Second public health act
1875
Sanitary act passed
1866
New sewer system finished
1875
New sewer system cost
£6.5 million
Other acts passed in 1875
artisans dwellings act, food and drugs act
river pollution prevention act
1876
infectious disease act
1889
When were surveys carried out by Booth and Rowntree
1891 - 1903
Liberal party landslide victory
1906
Free school meals (date)
1906
Free school meals statistics
3 million in 1906 to 14 million in 1914
Board of education sends out booklet
1906
School medical service set up
1907
children and young persons act
1908
Old age pensions act (date)
1908
Old age pensions act (statistics)
For people over 70, who earned less than £31.50 a year. 25p a week
liberal government puts up taxes
1909
National Insurance Act
1911
Four humours was accepted as one of the ideas of what caused disease
1848
Other theories in 1848
Miasma, spontaneous generation
Florence Nightingale trained in Kaiserwerth Germany
1851
Florence Nightingale becomes superintendent of a small nursing home in London
1853
How many patients at Scutari
almost 10,000
Government replaced drains and improved drinking water in Scutari
1855
Florence Nightingale returns to Britain
1856
Notes on Hospitals published
1859
Notes on Nursing published
1859
Nightingale school for nurses opened
1860
In the mid ... training for doctors took .. years
1840s, 4 years
William Morton experiments with ether
1846
James Simpson first used chloroform for women in childbirth
1847
Queen Victoria uses chloroform
1853
James Simpson died
1870
Chloroform inhaler invented by John Snow
1848
'Black Period' of Surgery
1846-1866
Louis Pasteur asked to investigate why vats of beer were turning sour
1854
Germ theory published
1861
Louis Pasteur asked to investigate silk worms disease
1865
Louis Pasteur published 'germ theory and applications to medicine'
1878
Jospeh Lister becomes surgeon at Glasgow Royal infirmary
1861
Death rate antiseptic statistics
1864 - 1866 (without antiseptic) - 45.7%
1867 - 1870 (with antiseptic) - 15%
Medical act that defined what you needed to become a doctor
1858
Elizabeth Blackwell meets Elizabeth Garrett
1859
Elizabeth Garrett is qualified
1865
Garrett opens St Mary's dispensary
1866
Garrett becomes a member of the BMA
1873
Edinburgh uni forces female students to leave
1874
Act of parliament passed to say that female medical students should be accepted
1876
Number of female doctors statistics
1871 - 2 doctors
1881 - 25
Pasteurs ideas were widely accepted by
1875
Koch's wife bought him a microscope
1872
Koch published his work
1876
Koch published his work on bacterial infection of wounds
1878
Pasteur proves anthrax vaccine
31 May 1881
Pasteur injects a boy
1885
Koch identified specific microbes that caused tuberculosis and cholera
1882, 1883
France and Germany at war
1870-71
Koch develops steam steriliser
1878
New weapons developed by
1914
Gas masks given out
July 1915
Phosgene first used
1915
Mustard gas first used
1917
How many British soldiers injured by poison gas
186,000
How many died from being injured by poison gas
2.6%
Cause of trench fever linked to lice
1918
How many British troops experienced shell shock
80,000
Craiglockhart Hospital treated
2,000 men
Karl Landsteiner discovers blood groups
1901
Richard Weil discovers that blood lasts longer if refrigerated
1915
Ross and Turner find that adding glucose citrate increased the time blood could be stored for
1916
Blood depots created before the battle of Cambrai
1917
Carrel-Dakin method
1917
Amputation statistics WW1
by 1918, 240,000 men had lost limbs
Thomas splint introduced
1915
Survival for type of wound with the Thomas splint increases
20% to 82%
Soft caps replaced by steel helmets
1915
Gillies sets up plastic surgery unit at Queens hospital in Kent
1917
How many operations carried out by Gillies at Queens hospital by the end of the war
Almost 12,000
Local cottage hospitals begin to be established
1860
royal free hospital founded
1828
cocaine found to be used as a local anaesthetic
1884
novocaine developed
1905
In the 19th century, diphtheria killed .... Children a year
8,000
Von Behring identifies antitoxins produced by the body to fight diphtheria
1890
Erlich became the leader of his own team
1896
Erlich began experimenting to see if he could find a 'magic bullet'
1905
Erlich finds the first magic bullet
1909
William Röntgen studying cathode rays
1895
William Rontgen publishes his work on x-rays
1895
many hospitals had an x-ray machine
1896
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