APWH unit 8 mcqs

Which of the following was an experience shared by the African leaders Nelson Mandela, Robert Mugabe, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kwame Nkrumah during the colonial period?

They were held as political prisoners.

In addition to its main use as advertising material, the image was most likely also intended to

show the Soviet Union's rise as a major technological power

Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?

Most African colonies gained national independence.

Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today's sub-Saharan African states?

Decisions by European powers during the process of colonization

The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?

The dissolution of European empires

The conference's decision to "endorse other methods," as mentioned in the second paragraph, is best explained in the context of which of the following?

Many African colonies had failed to obtain the greater self-governance promised after the First World War and doubted that European powers would fulfill similar promises after the Second World War.

Which of the following developments or processes in the late twentieth century best explains the participation of foreign troops in the Angolan Civil War, as shown in the two photographs?

The proliferation of Cold War proxy conflicts

The confrontation illustrated in the two photographs can be seen as a specific example of the global rivalries in the period after 1945 that also directly produced which of the following?

The NATO and Warsaw Pact military alliances

Anticolonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?

The need for reform in order to resist European imperialism

Which of the following best explains why the Soviet Union was willing to undertake projects such as the one discussed in the passage?

Pressure resulting from the need to keep pace with Western economic development during the Cold War

The title of the article best suggests that the author is responding to the arguments of which of the following?

Postcolonial and anti-imperialist thinkers

The author's point of view regarding the West was likely influenced by which of the following developments at the time he was writing?

The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War

The shaded areas on the map above of South Africa indicate

the reserves, sometimes called Bantustans or African "homelands"

Which of the following best explains Lt. Colonel Ojukwu's purpose in including the information in the first paragraph in his independence proclamation?

He wanted to outline a list of East Nigerian grievances in order to justify the political action he was about to take.

Which of the following was most clearly NOT a consequence of the Second World War?

The independence of Brazil

Which of the following was a principal cause of the Cold War?

Conflicting capitalist and communist ideologies

Which of the following describes a major change in international relations in the 1980s and 1990s?

The reduction of confrontations between communist and noncommunist countries

China's strategy for modernization and economic development in the 1950s most closely resembled the developmental strategy of

the Soviet Union

The implementation of which of the following policies in China best explains the trend shown on the chart after 1980 ?

Economic liberalization following the failure of Mao Zedong's economic programs

Of the following, which represents a challenge to superpower domination by a smaller nation during the Cold War?

Prague Spring

The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century was characterized by competition primarily over

ideology and economic structure

All of the following were policies pursued by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War EXCEPT

centralized planning of the national economy

The global balance of power, alluded to on the map, best reflects which of the following changes in the mid-twentieth century?

The military and economic decline of Western European colonial empires following the Second World War

Which of the following best supports the argument that colonialism was responsible for the lack of economic development in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the late twentieth century?

The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials

In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists such as Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh did which of the following?

Adapted their revolutionary theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.

After which event did the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as superpowers with respect to the rest of the world?

The Second World War

Which of the following was the most significant factor that prevented many African states from achieving political stability in the decades after their independence?

Ethnic and religious conflicts caused by the inclusion of rival groups within the same borders

Which of the following best explains why nationalist groups such as the FLN became more prominent globally after 1945 ?

Imperial powers were considerably weakened economically and militarily because of the Second World War.

The excerpt above was written in response to which of the following?

The failure of French colonizers to apply their ideals in Indochina

Increasing interest among historians about the topic analyzed in the passage could best be explained by which of the following?

The decolonization of Africa in the second half of the twentieth century

In China between 1958 and 1962, Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, an effort to make China an industrial power through mass collectivization of agriculture, is best understood as an example of

a communist government exerting control over the national economy

The passage can best be used to illustrate which of the following developments in the 1970s and 1980s?

The way in which government efforts to suppress criticism and restrict freedom of speech proved ineffective in stemming public discontent within communist regimes

As indicated by the passage, Vietnam's achievement of independence differed in what way from the achievement of independence by many other former colonies?

Vietnam gained its independence through a violent uprising rather than a negotiated settlement.

Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union?

The end of the Cold War

Which of the following occurrences during the Cold War best supports the main contention of the passage above?

Both the United States and the Soviet Union armed and supported rival countries and factions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Which of the following is true of both India and China in the period from 1945 to 1990 ?

In the 1950s, leaders of both countries focused on industrial development.

The recommendation provided in the second paragraph is best explained in the context of which of the following historical situations in the aftermath of the Second World War?

The attempts by Soviet officials to establish ideological ties with newly independent states

The slogans best illustrate which of the following actions of twentieth-century communist governments?

The adoption of repressive policies in order to impose one-party rule

Which of the following developments in the period after 1945 could most directly be used as evidence to challenge the author's assertion regarding the effects of British rule in India in the first two paragraphs?

Great Britain's divide-and-rule strategy in India deepened religious tensions, leading to a partition of India that resulted in millions of people dying or ending up as refugees.

Which of the following best explains how the historical situation in which Li Zhisui wrote his biography of Mao Zedong influenced Li's assessment of the experience of the Great Leap Forward?

Writing in the United States years after the events he described, Li Zhisui is free to offer his honest opinion, without fear of retaliation from the Chinese government.

Which of the following most likely explains the Soviet Union's motivation for being involved in the Congo as described in the passage?

It wanted to take advantage of a regional conflict to expand its military power and ideological influence.

Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi both appealed to which of the following as a base of support?

Peasants

The maps of Africa above best explain which of the following about African history in the twentieth century?

Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era

The characterization of the traditional Chinese marriage system in Article 1 most likely reflects which of the following?

The Marxist ideology of Mao Zedong's government in China

Which of the following best explains why the movement described in the passage began after the Second World War?

The defeat of the Axis powers required the Allies to grant political concessions in order mobilize colonial populations militarily and economically.

Late-twentieth-century military conflicts such as the one referred to in the poem typically resulted from which of the following?

Nationalist resistance to imperialism

The method of achieving political change advocated in the poem best illustrates which of the following practices used by reform movements in the twentieth century?

Civil disobedience

"We shall not repeat the past. We shall eradicate it by restoring our rights in the Suez Canal. This money is ours. The canal is the property of Egypt."

The quotation above by Gamel Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) was most influenced by

nationalism

Which of the following was a common characteristic of the major revolutions that occurred in Russia, China, and Mexico in the early twentieth century?

Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions.

Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia, such as Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), Jomo Kenyatta (1894-1978), and Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), had which of the following in common?

Opposition to colonial rule

The founding North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The Cold War

In 1949, NATO was established so that Western leaders could counter

the perceived threat that the Soviet Union and its allies would spread communism

Western-led military alliance systems such as NATO that emerged during the Cold War period sought to

prevent the spread of communism

Which of the following best explains Niebuhr's likely purpose in recounting Soviet actions in postwar Europe?

By pointing out the hypocrisy of Soviet policies, he hoped to encourage a more confrontational stance on the part of the United States government.

"Individually, the independent states of Africa, some of them potentially rich, others poor, can do little for their people. Together, by mutual help, they can achieve much."

Kwame Nkrumah, president of Ghana, speech, 1961

The speech above by Nkrumah is best understood in the context of which of the following?

Twentieth-century transnational movements attempting to unite people across national boundaries

The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table between 1945 and 1985 is best understood in which of the following contexts?

Competition between Western and communist powers

Nyerere’s description of the activities of anti-colonial “agitators” in the first paragraph best illustrates which of the following aspects of the decolonization movement?

It was typically led by locals who had acquired a Western education.

The partition of British India in 1947 created the new Muslim state of Pakistan and the predominantly Hindu state of India. The immediate result of the drawing of new geographic boundaries was

religious and ethnic violence that led to mass migrations and massacres

The map above shows the territorial arrangements in South Asia that resulted from

partition at the time of decolonization

The political position advocated by FARC in the passage is most consistent with which of the following in the twentieth century?

Communist efforts to redistribute agricultural land to peasants

Artworks of the type shown in the image were used for all of the following EXCEPT to

encourage Soviet citizens to embrace Western popular culture

Which of the following best describes the main argument that Harris is making in the passage above?

The failure of the international community to provide effective economic assistance to Latin America has fueled interest in Guevara's ideas.

The views expressed by Chairman Gonzalo in the passage are best explained in the context of which of the following historical circumstances of the late twentieth century?

The intensification of political conflicts between state and nonstate entities

In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was a similarity between the approaches of China and the Soviet Union in managing their respective economies?

Direct intervention in their economies to speed the process of industrialization

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 ?

Both were able to gain support because of the ineffectiveness and corruption of the existing monarchies.

On Map 2, the new divisions of mainland Southeast Asia in the region that had been French Indochina best reflect which of the following developments?

Cold War proxy conflicts