Policing Midterm + Final

Nearly ____% of all Americans has at least one contact with police in 2022.

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 75%

D. 200%

A. 25%

Most police time is spent __________.

A. Solving crime

B. Assisting citizens with problems not related to crime

C. Traveling

D. Training

B. Assisting citizens with problems not related to crime

What affect does varying the level of patrol have on an area?

A. No demonstrable effect

B. 10% decrease in criminal activity

C. 10% increase in criminal activity

D. 15% decrease in criminal activity

A. No demonstrable effect

What percentage of police departments serve fewer than 25,000 people?

A. 90%

B. 60%

C. 30%

D. 5%

A. 90%

Which of the following are elements of the criminal justice system?

A. Police

B. Courts

C. Corrections

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Gaining social compliance through shame, ridicule and ostracism is:

A. The police mandate

B. Formal social control

C. Informal social control

D. The job of the parents

C. Informal social control

61% of all police personnel in the US are employed by how many agencies?

A. 5% of all US agencies

B. 30% of all US agencies

C. 60% of all US agencies

D. 90% of all US agencies

A. 5% of all US agencies

Who has a final decision on filing formal charges against an accused criminal?

A. Prosecutor

B. Police chief

C. Judge

D. Detective

A. Prosecutor

Which section of the police contains 70% of all officers?

A. Management

B. Media relations

C. Investigation

D. Patrol

D. Patrol

Who are the gatekeepers to the criminal justice process?

A. The police

B. The courts

C. Prosecuting attorneys

D. Prison processing

A. The police

The police use coercion and physical force to:

A. Gain acceptance into the police culture

B. Get media attention

C. Show off machismo

D. Protect rights and freedoms

D. Protect rights and freedoms

US policing has its roots in:

A. France

B. England

C. Russia

D. Germany

B. England

The frankpledge system had the government provide some security in exchange for citizens:

A. Serving in the army

B. Paying tax money

C. Being "eyes and ears"

D. Providing tributes

C. Being "eyes and ears"

Who was the founder of the first modern police force?

A, Michael Baden

B. Sir Robert Peel

C. Boris Antonov

D. Francois Naar

B. Sir Robert Peel

Who was recruited into the first modern police force?

A. Working class men

B. Children of elite oligarchs

C. Winners of a lottery

D. Random selection

A. Working class men

What structure was chosen for the first police reform?

A. Centralized

B. Decentralized

C. Coordinated

D. External

A. Centralized

The first American police forces were founded in response to:

A. Large-scale revolts against the government

B. Low tax payment rates

C. Racial/ethnic clashes

D. The need to protect dignitaries

C. Racial/ethnic clashes

What was the first major American city to sponsor a police force?

A. Kansas City

B. Miami

C. Mexico City

D. Boston

D. Boston

What were the results of the influence of politics on 19th century policing?

A. Low corruption

B. Inefficiency, corruption and lack of professionalism

C. High percentage of minorities in policing

D. A well-respected police force

B. Inefficiency, corruption and lack of professionalism

What is the unofficial voice of policing, collecting most crime statistics?

A. White House Press Corps Police Database

B. CIA World Atlas

C. FBI's uniform crime reports

D. Global Police Database

C. FBI's uniform crime reports

85% of police department budgets are devoted to:

A. Personnel costs

B. Uniform costs

C. Vehicles

D. Equipment

A. Personnel costs

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act made what illegal?

A. Policies of discrimination against persons with disabilities

B. Protesting against police

C. Policies of discrimination against minorities and women

C. Policies of discrimination against minorities and women

A bona fide occupational quality is:

A. A skill necessary for performance on the job

B. Something which might be useful in weeding out candidates

C. A disability

A. A skill necessary for performance on the job

A consent decree is an agreement between an agency and the federal government to solve:

A. Funding issues

B. Representation and civil rights issues

C. Jurisdiction disputes

B. Representation and civil rights issues

The number of women and racial/ethnic minorities is ________ in departments with targeted recruitment strategies.

A. Higher

B. Lower

C. The same as others

A. Higher

(T/F) Police have very little discretion with arresting or seizing offenders and property

FALSE

(T/F) Early American colonies held police work as a high priority

FALSE

This system had the government provide some security in exchange for citizens being the "eyes and ears"

frankpledge

this is the first step of the selection process

application

This title and act made it illegal to enact policies of discrimination against minorities and women

title VII of the 1964 civil rights act

this person was the founder of the first modern police force

sir robert peel

before 1965, only ____% of all departments trained recruits before putting them on the job

15%

the average time it takes for an applicant to complete the recruitment process is:

6 months

this person has the final decision on filing formal charges against an accused criminal

prosecutor

this is the part of the applicant process that is designed to reveal physical issues which could interfere with ability

medical exam

this section of all police contains 70% of all officers

patrol

(T/F) society now depends on the family unit as the main point to control deviance

FALSE

a consent decree is an agreement between an agency and the federal government to solve this

representation and civil rights issues

this is the emphasis on stress-based academies

discipline

police departments should target _____ for recruiting

youths

the first American police forces were founded in response to these

racial/ethnic clashes

the single most important element of the recruitment process to avoid personnel problems in the future

background checks

police work is always changing, which makes this type of training necessary

in-service

(T/F) media portrayals of police are often complete and realistic

FALSE

the cost of training and hiring an officer is more than this amount

$50,000

this group are the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system

the police

the first major American city to sponsor a police force

Boston

according to research, varying the level of patrol has this effect on an area

no demonstrable effect

the prosecutor relies heavily on this document when deciding to file charges

the official police report

the number of women and racial/ethnic minorities is ______ in departments with targeted recruitment strategies

higher

the skill necessary for performance on the job

bona fide occupational quality

(T/F) the police are a separate entity of government, disconnected and not influenced by other components of the criminal justice system

FALSE

police spend most of their time doing this

assisting citizens with problems not related to crime

this is the phrase commonly used about police actions in the media

"if it bleeds, it leads"

this is the country that US policing has roots in

England

This case said that police cannot use deadly force against unarmed, non dangerous suspects

Tennessee v. Garner

This is a common characteristics of most communities with the worst instances of police misconduct

Poor

What are the three reasons why police subculture is unique from other occupational subcultures?

the nature of the work, the people and problems they encounter, and the environment they exist in

What percentage of encounters do police use force against citizens?

less than 1%

Where did the term "fleeing felon" originate from?

England

What is the most common form of police corruption?

Accepting small gratuities

What argument says that accepting small gratuities will lead to more rampant corruption?

slippery slope argument

The extreme form of ____ characterizes police subculture towards their peers and co-workers

Loyalty

This organizational method that works most efficiently for law enforcement

Bureaucratic

What part of the organization does police administration focus on?

the entire organization

When an officer extort money with a threat to selectively enforce or not enforce a law

shakedown

When do police most often use force?

while making an arrest

This person's attitude is the most important factor for battling corruption

chief/sheriff

Most research indicates that a police officer that has this characteristic is less likely to use force?

more educated

When officers protect each other from accusations, it is known as ____.

blue wall of silence

The most important function of police?

patrol

Police culture tend to be divided upon this formal, individual characteristic?

rank

Police administrations are typically organized into this shape?

pyramid

Policing is considered this type of occupation, because they are responsible for dealing with criminals and by extension become associated with criminal elements

Tainted occupation

The type of change that is an internal effort to change the status quo

planned change

What percent of an officer's time is dedicated to completing logs and reports?

80%

This structural characteristic of a police administration is considered to be less responsive

centralized structure

What model suggests a certain type of people are drawn to policing?

predisposition model

These law enforcement officers are considered elite and trained for dangerous situations

S.W.A.T.

What is one physical item that lend them authority?

badges, firearms, batons, handcuffs, etc

The Unit that is most central to the function of police

The Operations Unit

Police recruits are first exposed to police socialization here?

Police Academy

In order to deal with the perpetual threat of danger, officers can begin to feel this way towards the public?

Suspicious

The communication method preferred by police organizations is?

Written

The _______ leads officers to protect each other against accusations.

A. Police Code of Honor

B. Police unions

C. appreciation of administration

D. "Blue wall of silence"

D. "Blue wall of silence"

To deal with the perpetual threat of danger, officers tend to ___________.

A. Try to communicate their feelings to the public

B. Spend time getting to know the community

C. Become suspicious of the public

D. Arrest more people

C. Become suspicious of the public

The first place Police Recruits are exposed to Police Socialization is:

A. The Recruiting Process

B. the Academy

C. during field training

D. upon completion of field training

B. the Academy

Police culture tends to divide based on

A. Age

B. Rank

C. Seniority

D. Geographic location

B. Rank

Police culture is characterized by extreme ________ to coworkers.

A. Distrust

B. Friendship

C. Loyalty

D. Sharing

C. Loyalty

(T/F) Centralized structures are less responsive than decentralized structures.

TRUE

Police organizations prefer __________ communication.

A. Verbal

B. Written

C. Digital

D. Illustrated

B. Written

The most important factor in battling corruption is the attitude of the _____________.

A. Front-Line Officers

B. Chief

C. Local politicians

D. Media

B. Chief

A "meat eater" is:

A. an Officer that actively seeks opportunities for corruption

B. only accept opportunities as they arise

C. perform only criminal acts

D. perform corruption only for financial gain

A. an Officer that actively seeks opportunities for corruption

A "grass eater" is:

A. an Officer that actively seeks opportunities for corruption

B. an Officer that only accept opportunities as they arise

C. perform only minor criminal acts

D. perform corruption only for financial gain

B. an Officer than only accept opportunities as they arise

____________ is when an officer extorts money with a threat to selectively enforce or not enforce a law.

A. Padding

B. Kickbacks

C. Fixing

D. A shakedown

D. A shakedown

(T/F) The ends of corruption can be both legal and illegal.

TRUE

The most common form of corruption is ___________.

A. Padding

B. Opportunistic theft

C. The acceptance of small gratuities

D. Fixing cases

C. The acceptance of small gratuities

(T/F) The slippery slope argument says that accepting smaller gratuities will lead to more rampant corruption.

TRUE

Corruption is best thought of as a ________________.

A. Discrete action

B. Solution

C. Pyramid

D. Continuum

D. Continuum

Type III corruption is similar to ____________.

A. Embezzlement

B. Fraud

C. Ponzi schemes

D. Organized crime

D. Organized crime