Chapter 14: A New Industrial Age - Labor Movements and Key Vocabulary

These flashcards cover key events, figures, and vocabulary related to the labor movements and significant industrial developments in the U.S.

What was the main cause of The Great Strike of 1877?

Railroad workers were protesting the second wage cut in two months during an economic depression.

What event was sparked by police brutality at the McCormick Harvester plant?

The Haymarket Affair in 1886.

Who was the manager associated with the Homestead Strike of 1892?

Henry Clay Frick.

What did the American Railway Union (ARU) do during the Pullman Strike of 1894?

They boycotted Pullman cars, leading to a massive worker strike.

What significant federal law aimed to regulate railroads was passed in 1887?

The Interstate Commerce Act.

Who drilled the first commercial oil well, marking the start of the oil industry in the U.S.?

Edwin L. Drake.

What is the Bessemer process?

A method for mass-producing steel by injecting air into molten iron to remove impurities.

What invention by Thomas Alva Edison transformed the way people used electricity?

The light bulb.

Which Supreme Court case allowed states to regulate railroads for public interest?

Munn v. Illinois (1877).

What did the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 aim to achieve?

To outlaw monopolies and trusts.

Who founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

Samuel Gompers.

What was the primary focus of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?

Advocating for industrial unionism and socialism.

What tragic event in 1911 led to reforms in workplace safety?

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.

What is collective bargaining?

Negotiations between unions and management.

What term refers to workers hired to replace those on strike?

Scabs.

What was the outcome of the Homestead Strike for the union involved?

The union was crushed, and Carnegie Steel became non-union for decades.

What did the public perception shift to after the Haymarket Affair?

The public turned against unions, associating them with radicalism.

Who led the American Railway Union (ARU) during the Pullman Strike?

Eugene V. Debs.

What does the term monopoly refer to?

Complete control of an industry by one company.