map projection

Map Projection

A method used to represent the Earth’s 3D surface on a 2D plane.

Distortion

Every map projection has some distortion because the Earth is spherical, and a flat map cannot perfectly represent its features.

Equal-area projections

Map projections that preserve area.

Conformal projections

Map projections that preserve shape.

Equidistant projections

Map projections that preserve distance.

Reduced Earth

Represents the Earth as a small, proportional model, typically a globe, before projection onto a flat surface.

Parallels of Latitude

Imaginary lines that run horizontally across the Earth, used as reference points for projections.

Meridians of Longitude

Vertical lines that converge at the poles, serving as reference points for projections.

Global Property

Specific characteristics that each projection attempts to preserve, such as shape, area, or direction.

Developable Surface

The flat surface (cylindrical, conical, or planar) onto which the Earth's surface is projected.

Gnomonic Projection

A projection type where the source of light is at the center of the globe.

Stereographic Projection

A projection type where the source of light is on the surface of the globe.

Orthographic Projection

A projection type where the source of light is at infinity.

Cylindrical Equal Area Projection

A projection where the Earth's surface is projected onto a cylinder, preserving area but distorting shape near the poles.

Mercator’s Projection

A widely used projection that preserves direction, useful for navigation, but distorts areas near the poles.

Cartography

The art and science of making maps.

Navigation

The process of planning and controlling the movement of a vehicle from one place to another.