Knee and Ankle Complex

Knee Flexion

Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, sartorius

Knee extension

Quadriceps

Dorsiflexion

Tibialis Anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius

Plantarflexion

Gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, Peroneus longus, brevis, plantaris

Ankle Inversion

Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor digitorum longus

Ankle Eversion

Peroneus Longus, Brevis, Tertius

Femoral Condyles

Composed of tow asymmetrical condyles on the distal femur with the medial femoral condyle longer than the lateral

Tibial plateau (Joint Line)

Composed of tow concave tibial plateaus on the proximal tibia with two fibrocartilage

Genu Varum

Bowed Legs, Knees are pointing outward

Genu Valgus

Knocked Knees, Knees are pointing inward towards the midline of the body

Genu Recurvatum

Knee bent posteriorly, Hyperextended

Patella

Largest sesamoid bone, it is connected to the tibia via the patellar ligament, increases mechanical advantage of quadriceps muscle, protects the knee joint

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Located on the Medial aspect of the knee, Limits valgus stress of the knee, protects from a blow to the lateral side of the knee pushing the knee medially

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Located on the lateral aspect of the knee, limits varus stress on the knees, protects from a blow to the medial side of the knee pushing the knee more medially

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

Easy to injure, attaches to the anterior surface of the tibia to the posterior lateral condyle on femur, Right behind patella and can see it easily in the anterior view of the knee

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Attaches posterior tibia to anterior/medial femoral condyle, right behind ACL

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament

Medial ligament that connects Femur and Patella

Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament

Lateral ligament that connects Femur and Patella

Medial Patellotibial Ligament

Medial ligament that connects Tibia and Femur

Lateral patellotibial Ligament

Lateral ligament that connects Tibia and Femur