Studied by 19 people
COMPLETE
1. This class of speech sounds is produced without the use of vocal folds.
a. fricative phonemes
b. affricate phonemes
c. voiceless phonemes
d. voiced phonemes
c. voiceless phonemes
2. This term refers to the space between the vocal folds.
a. laryngeal aditus
b. glottis
c. vocal nodules
d. laryngeal ventricle
b. glottis
3. This greatly increases turbulence in the airway.
a. constriction
b. adducted vocal folds
c. laryngeal ventricle
d. a & b
e. a & c
d. a & b
4. The Bernoulli effect states that:
a. airflow at a constriction increases in velocity
b. pressure at a constriction increases in magnitude
c. subglottal pressure is equalized at the supraglottal level
d. a & b
e. a & c
a. airflow at a constriction increases in velocity
6. The Bernoulli effect states that:
a. at a constriction there will be a decrease in flow
b. at a constriction there will be equal numbers of molecules (air or water) as below or above the constriction
c. at a constriction there will be a decrease in pressure (air or water)
d. none of the above
c. at a constriction there will be a decrease in pressure (air or water)
7. Transglottal pressure refers to:
a. the air pressure difference between subglottal and supraglottal areas
b. air pressure arising from air escaping through the oral cavity
c. air pressure within the laryngeal ventricle (ventricle of Morgagni)
d. none of the above
a. the air pressure difference between subglottal and supraglottal areas
8. In the closed phase of phonation:
a. subglottal pressure equals supraglottal pressure
b. intraoral pressure is greater than subglottal pressure
c. subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottal pressure
d. none of the above
c. subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottal pressure
9. In the open phase of phonation:
a. subglottal pressure equals supraglottal pressure
b. intraoral pressure is greater than subglottal pressure
c. subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottal pressure
d. none of the above
a. subglottal pressure equals supraglottal pressure
10. This causes the vocal folds to return to their resting position after having been blown open during a cycle of phonation.
a. negative pressure between vocal folds
b. positive pressure above vocal folds
c. elasticity of vocal folds
d. a & b
e. a & c
e. a & c
13. The act of bringing the vocal folds together is termed:
a. abrasion
b. sufflation
c. abduction
d. atolaxes
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
14. This is a respiratory response to presence of a foreign object or irritation.
a. vomit
b. swallow
c. cough
d. gag
e. a & c
c. cough
19. During swallowing, this structure covers the airway to protect it.
a. tongue
b. arytenoid
c. valleculae
d. pyriform sinus
e. epiglottis
e. epiglottis
20. In order to initiate phonation, one must:
a. elevate the larynx
b. adduct the vocal folds
c. elevate the velum
d. retract the tongue
b. adduct the vocal folds
21. Bringing the vocal folds into position to initiate phonation is termed:
a. sufflation
b. initiation
c. phonatory targeting
d. attack
d. attack
25. Termination of phonation requires that one :
a. elevate the larynx.
b. contract the lateral cricoarytenoid.
c. abduct the vocal folds.
d. none of the above
c. abduct the vocal folds.
1. _____ This is required for initiation of phonation.
a. adduction of vocal folds
b. abduction of vocal folds
c. tensing of vocal folds
d. depression of larynx
e. elevation of larynx
f. shortening of vocal folds
a. adduction of vocal folds
2. _____ This change is involved in increase of fundamental frequency.
a. adduction of vocal folds
b. abduction of vocal folds
c. tensing of vocal folds
d. depression of larynx
e. elevation of larynx
f. shortening of vocal folds
c. tensing of vocal folds
3. _____ This change is involved in termination of phonation.
a. adduction of vocal folds
b. abduction of vocal folds
c. tensing of vocal folds
d. depression of larynx
e. elevation of larynx
f. shortening of vocal folds
b. abduction of vocal folds
4. _____ This change is involved in reducing fundamental frequency.
a. adduction of vocal folds
b. abduction of vocal folds
c. tensing of vocal folds
d. depression of larynx
e. elevation of larynx
f. shortening of vocal folds
f. shortening of vocal folds
1. The term _____ pitch is used to refer to the frequency of vocal fold vibration that is most appropriate for an individual.
a. habitual
b. optimal
c. opening
d. closing
e. closed
f. increase
g. decrease
b. optimal
2. _____ pitch refers to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds that is habitually used during speech.
a. habitual
b. optimal
c. opening
d. closing
e. closed
f. increase
g. decrease
a. habitual
3. To increase vocal intensity, we _____(increase/decrease) subglottal pressure.
a. habitual
b. optimal
c. opening
d. closing
e. closed
f. increase
g. decrease
f. increase
4. To increase vocal intensity, we _____ medial compression.
a. habitual
b. optimal
c. opening
d. closing
e. closed
f. increase
g. decrease
f. increase
5. To increase vocal intensity, the _____(opening/closing/closed) phase of vibration must increase in duration.
a. habitual
b. optimal
c. opening
d. closing
e. closed
f. increase
g. decrease
e. closed
1. The region posterior to the oral cavity is the:
a. larynx
b. oropharynx
c. glottis
d. epiglottis
b. oropharynx
2. The cavity bounded inferiorly by the velum is the:
a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. maxillary sinus
a. nasopharynx
3. The orifice of the eustachian (auditory) tube is located in the:
a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. esophagus
a. nasopharynx
4. This cavity is lined with beating ciliated epithelia.
a. oral
b. nasal
c. pharyngeal
d. esophageal
b. nasal
8. The largest mobile articulator is/are the:
a. tongue
b. mandible
c. lips
d. velum
a. tongue
9. This articulator is used to differentiate the /m/ from /b/ phonemes.
a. tongue
b. teeth
c. cheeks
d. velum
d. velum
10. This bone forms the anterior point of attachment for the velum.
a. palatine
b. vomer
c. mandible
d. maxilla
a. palatine
11. This bone provides the posterior component of the zygomatic arch.
a. frontal
b. zygomatic
c. temporal
d. lacrimal
c. temporal
12. This bone articulates with both the frontal and maxillary bones.
a. nasal
b. mandible
c. temporal
d. sphenoid
a. nasal
13. This bone makes up what we term the “cheekbone.”
a. temporal
b. maxilla
c. mandible
d. zygomatic
d. zygomatic
14. This bone houses the hearing mechanism.
a. temporal
b. maxilla
c. zygomatic
d. ethmoid
a. temporal
15. This muscle makes up the bulk of the velum.
a. tensor veli palatine
b. levator veli palatine
c. uvular muscle
d. palatopharyngeus
b. levator veli palatine
16. This muscle is critical for dilating the Eustachian (auditory) tube.
a. tensor veli palatine
b. levator veli palatine
c. uvular muscle
d. palatopharyngeus
a. tensor veli palatine
17. This muscle makes up the bulk of the tongue.
a. palatoglossus
b. styloglossus
c. genioglossus
d. hyoglossus
c. genioglossus
18. This muscle helps retract the tongue.
a. palatoglossus
b. styloglossus
c. hyoglossus
d. glossopalatine
e. both a and d
b. styloglossus
19. This muscle is a major depressor of the velum.
a. palatoglossus
b. styloglossus
c. hyoglossus
d. glossopalatine
e. both a and d
e. both a and d
1. The ________________________ surface of a tooth is that which could come in contact with the cheek wall.
a. buccal
b. occlusal
c. lingual
d. medial
e. distal
a. buccal
2. The _________________________ surface is that surface facing the tongue.
a. buccal
b. occlusal
c. lingual
d. medial
e. distal
c. lingual
3. The _________________________ surface is the contact region between teeth of the upper and lower arches.
a. buccal
b. occlusal
c. lingual
d. medial
e. distal
b. occlusal
1. Elevation of the tongue tip requires contraction of which muscle?
a. mylohyoid
b. superior longitudinal
c. genioglossus
d. hyoglossus
b. superior longitudinal
2. Depression of the tongue tip requires contraction of which muscle?
a. genioglossus
b. superior longitudinal
c. inferior longitudinal
d. both b & c
e. all of the above
c. inferior longitudinal
3. Turning the tip of the tongue to the right requires contraction of:
a. right superior longitudinal
b. right inferior longitudinal
c. right hyoglossus
d. a & b
e. none of the above
d. a & b
4. Retraction of the tongue requires contraction of which muscle?
a. anterior fibers, genioglossus
b. posterior fibers, genioglossus
c. stylohyoid
d. a & b
e. b & c
e. b & c
5. Elevation of the dorsum of the tongue requires which muscle?
a. genioglossus
b. hyoglossus
c. palatopharyngeus
d. palatoglossus
e. none of the above
d. palatoglossus
6. Retraction of the lips requires contraction of which muscle?
a. orbicularis oris
b. buccinator
c. risorius
d. a & b
e. b & c
e. b & c
7. Pursing of the lips requires contraction of which muscle?
a. orbicularis oris
b. buccinator
c. risorius
d. a & b
e. b & c
a. orbicularis oris
8. A pout that involves protrusion of the lower lip requires contraction of which muscle?
a. orbicularis oris
b. triangularis
c. levator anguli oris
d. mentalis
d. mentalis
9. This muscle has a course parallel to that of the buccinator.
a. risorius
b. depressor anguli oris
c. depressor labii inferioris
d. mentalis
a. risorius
10. This muscle retracts and elevates the lips, as in smiling.
a. risorius
b. buccinator
c. levator anguli oris
d. levator labii superioris
c. levator anguli oris
11. This muscle elevates the mandible.
a. masseter
b. temporalis
c. medial pterygoid
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
12. This muscle protrudes the mandible.
a. masseter
b. platysma
c. digastricus anterior
d. lateral pterygoid
d. lateral pterygoid
13. This muscle helps to tightly occlude the lips
a. buccinator
b. levator anguli oris superioris
c. mentalis
d. none of the above
c. mentalis
14. This muscle helps to narrow the tongue.
a. transverse
b. superior longitudinal
c. inferior longitudinal
d. vertical
a. transverse
15. This muscle helps to depress the tongue.
a. transverse
b. superior longitudinal
c. inferior longitudinal
d. vertical
d. vertical
16. This muscle depresses the dorsum of the tongue.
a. hyoglossus
b. styloglossus
c. palatoglossus
d. digastricus (anterior and posterior)
a. hyoglossus
17. This muscle can either elevate the hyoid or depress the mandible.
a. geniohyoid
b. mylohyoid
c. genioglossus
d. a & b
e. none of the above
d. a & b
1. The process of preparing food for swallowing is termed:
a. deglutition
b. trituration
c. mastication
d. none of the above
c. mastication
2. The process of swallowing is termed:
a. deglutition
b. trituration
c. mastication
d. none of the above
a. deglutition
3. The term meaning disorders of swallowing is:
a. dysphasia
b. dysarthria
c. dystonia
d. dysphagia
d. dysphagia
4. Which of the following is not considered part of mastication?
a. passing the bolus into the pharynx
b. moving the bolus onto the teeth
c. mixing the bolus with saliva
d. all are considered part of the mastication process
a. passing the bolus into the pharynx
5. The important function of the buccal musculature in mastication and deglutition is:
a. keeping food or liquid out of the buccal cavity
b. keeping food or liquid on the molars for chewing
c. helping to maintain a lip seal
d. a & b
e. all of the above
d. a & b
6. A lip seal is important because:
a. it keeps food and liquid in the mouth during mastication
b. it helps maintain the positive pressure for swallow
c. It keeps one from breathing during mastication
d. a & b
e. a, b & c
d. a & b
7. The term “bolus” refers to:
a. the mass of food being prepared to swallow
b. the ballast provided by tongue spatulation
c. the specific process of trituration
d. none of the above
a. the mass of food being prepared to swallow
8. Velar closure during swallow is important because:
a. it keeps one from having nasal regurgitation
b. it keeps post-nasal mucus from entering the airway
c. it provides a seal for the positive pressure of swallow
d. a & c
e. a, b & c
d. a & c
9. The bolus is moved down the pharynx by means of:
a. pharyngeal peristalsis
b. pharyngeal mastication
c. increased pharyngeal pressure
d. a & b
e. a & c
e. a & c
10. At birth the neonate is:
a. in a dominantly extended posture that will modify over time to become more flexed
b. capable of ceasing respiration for up to ½ second to facilitate swallow
c. capable of some limited voluntary motion
d. governed by reflexes
d. governed by reflexes
11. Stroking the cheek of a neonate will result in:
a. the infant orienting to the side of stimulation
b. the infant looking to the opposite side
c. the infant initiating tongue protrusion and retraction
d. none of the above
a. the infant orienting to the side of stimulation
12. The region of the mouth is termed the:
a. pre-oral region
b. perinatal region
c. perioral region
d. none of the above
c. perioral region
13. Soft contact with the inner margin of the lips of a newborn will result in:
a. protrusion and retraction of the tongue
b. elevation and depression of the mandible
c. vomiting (“spitting up”)
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
d. a & b
14. Which of these statements is not true?
a. The infant’s tongue is smaller than an adult’s
b. The infant’s larynx is elevated relative to an adult’s
c. The infant’s velum makes contact with the epiglottis
d. b & c
e. all of the above are true
e. all of the above are true
15. The sucking reflex can be stimulated by:
a. light stimulation of the lips in neonates
b. visual presentation of food in older infants
c. stroking the epithelium of the cheeks
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
d. a & b
16. The sucking reflex includes:
a. pumping the tongue forward and back repeatedly
b. elevation and depression of the mandible
c. swallow of bolus after 4 or 5 pumps of the tongue
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
e. a, b, & c
17. In an infant, the epiglottis:
a. depresses during swallow
b. remains elevated during swallow
c. remains in contact with the velum during swallow
d. a & b
e. b & c
e. b & c
18. An infant can:
a. breathe and swallow at the same time
b. only hold his or her breath for about ½ second during swallow
c. swallow with his or her velum elevated
d. none of the above
a. breathe and swallow at the same time
19. The adult pharynx:
a. is capable of complete constriction
b. is invested with numerous olfactory sensors
c. is immobile during swallow
d. serves as a passageway for both food and air
d. serves as a passageway for both food and air
20. The adult swallowing pattern includes:
a. elevation of the larynx
b. elevation of the velum
c. depression of the epiglottis
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
e. a, b, & c
21. Infant dentition begins erupting:
a. around the 4th month
b. around the 5th month
c. around the 6th month
d. around the 7th month
c. around the 6th month
22. Contact of the tongue with teeth in the deciduous arch:
a. reinforces a mature swallow
b. removes plaque from the incisors
c. eliminates the need for the velar depression
d. supports movement of larynx
a. reinforces a mature swallow
23. The mature swallow:
a. requires contraction of the masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid to provide support for tongue retraction and superior pressure on the palate
b. requires contraction of the platysma to maintain lip seal
c. requires contraction of the zygomatic major and muscles to help elevate the lips during swallow
d. a & b
e. all of the above
a. requires contraction of the masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid to provide support for tongue retraction and superior pressure on the palate
24. Superior force of the tongue directed toward the hard palate during swallow:
a. is critical to development of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles.
b. is critical to proper spreading of the dental arch.
c. is a hallmark of the mature swallow.
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
e. a, b, & c
25. Failure of the tongue to exert sufficient superior force on the hard palate and upper dental arch during swallow will result in:
a. collapse of the upper dental arch
b. highly vaulted hard palate
c. cleft palate
d. a & b
e. a, b, & c
d. a & b
This muscle pulls on the most medial bone.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
h. stapedius
This is the most medial bone of the middle ear.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
g. stapes
This bone articulates with the tympanic membrane.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
e. malleus
This nerve conducts information concerning sound and position in space.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
This is the most distal bone of the middle ear.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
e. malleus
This/These structure(s) sense position of body in space.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
a. semicircular canals
This bone articulates with the inner ear.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
g. stapes
This bone projects into the epitympanic recess.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
e. malleus
This/These structure(s) sense acoustical information.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
b. cochlea
This muscle pulls on the most distal bone.
a. semicircular canals
b. cochlea
c. VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. VII facial nerve
e. malleus
f. incus
g. stapes
h. stapedius
i. tensor tympani
i. tensor tympani
Please identify the structure to which each of the following landmarks belongs: Stereocillia
a. Vestibule
b. Semicircular canals
c. Cochlea
d. Middle ear
e. Outer ear
b. Semicircular canals
Please identify the structure to which each of the following landmarks belongs: Outer hair cells
a. Vestibule
b. Semicircular canals
c. Cochlea
d. Middle ear
e. Outer ear
c. Cochlea
Please identify the structure to which each of the following landmarks belongs: Utricle
a. Vestibule
b. Semicircular canals
c. Cochlea
d. Middle ear
e. Outer ear
a. Vestibule
Please identify the structure to which each of the following landmarks belongs: Ampulla
a. Vestibule
b. Semicircular canals
c. Cochlea
d. Middle ear
e. Outer ear
b. Semicircular canals
Please identify the structure to which each of the following landmarks belongs: Tensor tympani
a. Vestibule
b. Semicircular canals
c. Cochlea
d. Middle ear
e. Outer ear
d. Middle ear
Note
Flashcard