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The kind of molecular motion having most to do with temperature is
translational motion.
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of
0 K and -273 C
Absolute zero corresponds to
all molecular motion stopping.
Heat is simply another word for
thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.
Thermal energy is normally measured in units of
calories and joules
When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system
may or may not rise.
Matter does not contain
heat
To say that water has a high specific
heat capacity that water
requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature, gives off a lot of energy in cooling, has a lot of “thermal inertia.”
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants
and vegetation. This indicates the specific
heat capacity for sand is
less than that of plants.
Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than
twice that of copper. If equal amounts of heat are
given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the
metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is
copper
The high specific heat capacity of water
has great importance in
climates, cooling systems, and ocean currents
Microscopic slush in water tends to
make the water
less dense
The greatest expansion of water
occurs when
it turns to ice.
Water at 4°C will expand when it is
slightly
cooled or warmed
Water at 4°C will sink to the bottom of
a pond because
like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.
The thermal expansion of steel is about
the same as that of
concrete
The fact that gasoline will overflow from an
automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that
the expansion of gasoline is
more than the tank material.
Heat can be transferred by
conduction, convection, and radiation
A firewalker walking barefoot on hot
wooden coals depends on wood’s
poor conduction
Thermal conduction has much to do
with
electrons
Thermal convection has much to do
with
fluids
When air rapidly expands, it generally
cools
Which body emits radiant energy into
space?
the sun and the earth
The origin of much of the thermal
energy in Earth’s interior is
radioactive decay.
A substance that absorbs energy well
also
radiates well
A hot pizza placed in the snow is a net
emitter
A hot pizza placed in a hotter oven is a
net
absorber
Note
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