Ap African American Studies unit 3

How did English ideas about slavery differ from Spanish and Portuguese practices before colonization

The English had little experience with large scale slavery while Spain and Portugal already used African labor on plantations

Why did early English settlers not expect to rely on enslaved labor

They expected to use indentured servants and did not plan plantation style agriculture

Describe how slavery in English colonies changed over time and explain why race became a major factor

Slavery became permanent and race based as laws tied lifelong servitude to being African

Who were the first Africans to arrive in Jamestown in 1619 and what happened to them once they landed

About 20 to 30 Africans arrived and were forced into labor under tightening conditions

What was seasoning and why was it used before slave auctions

Seasoning was forced training meant to break resistance and increase sale value

Describe the physical inspection process enslaved Africans endured before being sold

They were examined for health strength and condition like property

Identify and describe the three main types of slave auctions Public Auction Scramble Private Sale

Public auctions sold people to the highest bidder scrambles let buyers grab people at set prices and private sales matched selected buyers

Explain the main factors that influenced the price of enslaved Africans at auction

Prices depended on age health gender skills and condition

List two ways the auction process contributed to the dehumanization of enslaved people

People were treated as property and families were separated

Why did early English settlers in the Chesapeake rely on Native Americans and indentured servants before Africans

Africans were scarce and expensive so settlers used familiar temporary labor systems

Explain the historical significance of the John Punch case 1640

It created the first legal racial distinction by sentencing Punch to lifelong servitude

Describe the purpose of the 1662 law partus sequitur ventrem

It made children inherit their mothers enslaved status

How did Bacons Rebellion change the development of slavery in Virginia

It pushed elites toward expanding African slavery to avoid united uprisings

Describe two demographic characteristics of the enslaved population in the Chesapeake 1680 to 1750

The population grew became more African born and became more gender balanced

What cultural adaptations did Africans develop in the Chesapeake region

They blended languages foods religions and family traditions into new cultures

Who were the free people of color in the Chesapeake and why did they lose some freedoms over time

They were formerly enslaved or mixed race people who lost freedoms as racist laws increased

Why did Carolina planters rely heavily on enslaved Africans from specific West African rice growing regions

Those Africans had rice farming knowledge that made plantations successful

Describe the task system and explain how it shaped enslaved life in Carolina

Enslaved people completed daily tasks and sometimes had limited personal time afterward

How did enslaved Africans preserve elements of West African culture in the Carolinas

They maintained traditions through the Gullah language foodways music and spirituality

Identify two brutal punishments authorized by the Barbadian Slave Code adopted in Carolina

It allowed whipping mutilation and execution for resistance

Why did New England have a much smaller enslaved population compared to the southern colonies

Its small farms and trade based economy did not require plantation labor

Describe daily life for enslaved people in New England and explain why family formation was difficult

They worked in homes and small farms and low numbers made stable families hard to maintain

Who was Samuel Sewall and what was the argument of The Selling of Joseph

Sewall argued that slavery was immoral and violated Christian and natural rights

How did pro slavery thinkers in New England justify enslavement using religion

They claimed the Bible supported slavery and argued it spiritually benefited Africans

Explain how the triangular trade connected New England to slavery despite its small enslaved population

New England profited by trading rum and goods for sugar and molasses tied to slave labor

Explain the concept of half freedom under Dutch rule in New Netherland

Half freedom let some enslaved Africans live partly independently but kept their children enslaved

How did English control of New York expand slavery in the colony

The English increased slave importation and strengthened slave codes

Describe typical living and working conditions for enslaved people in the Middle Colonies

They performed hard labor and lived in cramped poorly heated quarters under strict control

Why was slavery less common in Pennsylvania compared to New York and New Jersey

Quakers opposed slavery and small farms required less labor

Why did France import large numbers of Senegambian Africans into Louisiana between 1719 and 1731

They needed skilled rice and plantation workers to support the colony

What was the purpose of the Code Noir and how did it shape life for enslaved people in French Louisiana

It imposed strict control while providing limited protections and daily rules

Why did Spanish Florida become a major destination for freedom seekers escaping British colonies

Spain offered freedom to escapees who converted to Catholicism and served in the militia

What was Fort Mose and why is it historically significant

It was the first free Black settlement and a refuge for people escaping slavery

Why did early Georgia leaders attempt to ban slavery and why did settlers ignore the ban

Leaders wanted small farms but settlers demanded enslaved labor like South Carolina

Who were the Salzburgers and why did they oppose slavery

They were German Protestants who opposed slavery for moral and religious reasons

Describe the events of the Stono Rebellion 1739

Enslaved Africans revolted marched toward Spanish Florida and were defeated by the militia

Identify two major causes of the rebellion

Brutal conditions and the promise of freedom in Spanish Florida

What were the main effects of the Stono Rebellion on South Carolinas slave laws Negro Act of 1740

The act tightened control restricted movement and education and increased punishments