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Excitatory Transmitters
Chemicals that continue the action potential by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic cell and allowing positive ions to flow into the cell.
Inhibitory Transmitters
Chemicals that decrease the likelihood of the action potential in the receiving neuron by causing negative ions to flow into the cell.
Neuromodulators
Chemicals that influence how neurons communicate but do not directly trigger or inhibit action potentials.
Agonist
A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it, mimicking the action of the natural neurotransmitter.
Inverse Agonist
A drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but produces the opposite effect of the natural receptor.
Antagonist
A drug that binds to a receptor without activating it, blocking the natural action.
Reuptake Inhibitor
A drug that blocks the reabsorption (reuptake) of neurotransmitters.
Reflex
An autonomic response to a stimulus that does not reach the level of consciousness.
Reaction
A thoughtful response to external stimuli where the brain processes the nerve impulse before reacting.
Complex Brain Processes
Most actions, apart from simple reflexes, involve significant brain activity.
Postsynaptic Cell
The neuron receiving the signal from another neuron through synaptic transmission.
Knee-Jerk Reflex
An involuntary response that happens automatically when the knee is tapped.
