Art Ed Final Tami Weiss Winter 2025

What does DBAE stand for?

Discipline Based Art Education

What is visual literacy?

The ability to find, interpret, evaluate, use, and create images and visual media

What is Scaffolding?

a teaching method where educators provide temporary, structured support to help students learn a new, complex skill or concept, gradually removing the support as the student becomes more confident and independent.

What are the 4 main points of DBAE?

Art History, Art Production, Art Criticism and Aesthetics.

What are the elements of a lesson plan?

Anticipatory Set, Objective/purpose, Input/lecture, Modeling/Demonstration, Check for understanding, Guided practice, Independent practice, and closure.

What are the 5 stages of artistic development?

Scribbling, pre schematic, schematic, dawning realism, pseudo realism.

What is Scribbling?

Scribbling happens between ages 2-4, looks like scribbles.

What is Pre schematic?

Second stage, ages 4-7, Tadpole humans, colors are more emotional than logical

What is Schematic?

Third stage, ages 7-9, color starts appearing natural, emphases on what the child finds most important about the subject matter.

What is dawning realism?

Fourth stage, ages 9-12, gendered drawing, self criticism, space is being depicted.

What is Pseudorealism?

Fifth stage, ages 12+, Greater visual awareness, more adult form of expression, trying to draw realistically leads to a crisis frequently

Who came up with the 5 stages of Artistic development?

Viktor Lowenfelt

Johann Pestalozzi

Swiss educational reformer whose motto was “Learning by Head, Hands, and Heart”

Elliot Eisner

Key player in the development of DBAE, treating art as a discipline with structured study in production, history, art, criticism, and aesthetics.

Walter Smith

First to institutionalize art as a subject in U.S. schools in 1870 to improve industrial product design.

Viktor Lowenfeld

Published Creative and Mental Growth, identifying the stages of children’s artistic development and emphasizing creativity for mental health.

Maria Montessori

Italian physician and educator who developed a child-centered method emphasizing hands-on learning and sensory exploration in a carefully prepared environment.

Horace Mann

Considered the “father of public education,” this American Educational reformer, advocated for the inclusion of drawing in schools to improve the industry, morality and citizenship.

Stanley Hall

American psychologist (and racist) who led the Child Study Movement, arguing that the mind of a child is different than an adult, and that a children think in pictures rather than words

Friedrich Froebel

Founder of “Kindergarten,” this German educational reformer emphasized the importance of PLAY in child development

John Dewey

American educator who has most influenced our thinking about Progressive Education in the U.S., promoting creativity and self-expression in children and contributing volumes of work to our knowledge base of educational psychology.

Madeline Hunter

Educational theorist who developed a widely used lesson planning model to ensure that every lesson in any subject was well structured and goal-oriented for student learning

Reform effort of the 1960-70’s that challenged structured educational system in favor of creativity, freedom, and social expression through the arts

Free school/Open education/Alternative schools movement

1957 event that sparked panic in Americans, resulting in a national focus on science and math education, shifting priorities away from the arts

Sputnik launches

As the first of its kind, it employed a curriculum of drawing via copying and geometric shapes, which necessitated having trained art teachers

Massachusetts Normal Art School

1983 report that warned American schools were failing , inspiring national education reform and accountability standards

“A Nation at Risk”

Educational philosophy promoting creativity, flexibility and experiential learning, opposing the conformity and rote memorization of traditional education.

Progressive Education

Approach to art education emphasizing the interpretation of meanings and messages in everyday visual imagery, teaching students to recognize how they are influenced by media, advertising, and technology.

V.C.A.E. (Visual Culture Art Education)

Model developed for art education in 1984 to give art the same legitimacy as other academic subjects by employing a structured, formal curriculum.

DBAE

This movement focused scientifically evaluating how children learn and grow because education was viewed as the way to improve society.

Child study movement

An approach that sought to broaden the art curriculum to include diverse cultures, perspectives, and identities rather than a solely Western European view

Postmodern Art Education

With this (precursor to DBAE) in 1965, the goals for art Education changed from mental health and self-expression to structured, comprehensive learning that included art history, art criticism, and aesthetics.

Penn State Seminar

Model known as “choice-based” art education the empowers students as self-directed artists who make choices about materials, subjects, and ideas.

T.A.B. (Teaching for Artistic Behavior)

19th -century reform movement ensuring that education would be funded by the public and available to all children- not only those from wealthy families.

Common school movement

Developmental framework describing how children’s artistic abilities evolve through predictable phases as they grow

Stages of Artistic Development

Legislation that made drawing a required school subject in public school to strengthen America’s global competitiveness by making better products

Drawing act of 1870

Movement led by psychologist Stanley Hall, which encouraged teachers to observe children’s natural behavior rather than impose adult expectations.

Child Study movement (2)