STS: INTRO AND REVOLUTIONS

Science Technology & Society

Deals with interactions between science and technology and social, cultural, political, and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them.

Science Technology & Society

Interdisciplinary course engages students to confront the realities brought about by science and technology in society. Such realities pervade the personal, the public, and the global aspects of our living and are integral to human development

Science Technology & Society

Scientific knowledge and technological development happen in the context of society with all its socio-cultural, cultural, economic, and philosophical underpinnings at play

Science Technology & Society

This course seeks to instill reflective knowledge in the students that they are able to live the good life and dislay ethical decion making in the face of scientific and technological advancement.

Clarity

OBE APPROACH TO TEACH STS - C

High Expectation

OBE APPROACH TO TEACH STS - H

Expanded Opportunities

OBE APPROACH TO TEACH STS - E

Design Down

OBE APPROACH TO TEACH STS - D

knowledge

LATIN “scientia

Science

Systematic and methodological activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation, experimentation or both

Modern science

is a discovery as well as invention

Science

It requires inventions to devise techniques

Science

The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.

Technology

Techno

art and skill

“techne” meaning

systematic treatment

technologia

Technology

Application of practical knowledge for the benefit of human race

Technology

Methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes

Technological Tool

Something that takes a human sense or ability and augments it makes it more powerful.

Society

People who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bonds may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities.

Science Technology and Society

Study of how social, political and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation and how these in turn affect society, politics and culture

Science Technology and Society

Means that provide us with ways and objects to have a better life.

Confront the realities of science and technology
Instill reflective knowledge to have good life and display ethical decision making.

Objectives of STS

Interwar period (between WW1 - start of the Cold War 1949)

Period where historians and scientists found interest in the interconnections of scientific knowledge, technological systems and society

it provides easy access to information through devices

Importance of Science and Technology in Daily lives

Having internet, devices, technology resources

Example of Science and Technology in dialy lives

Advances in communication, Advances in transport industry, Advances in medicine

Influence of Science and Technology in dialy lives

Sumerians

Ancient wheel

Egyptians

Paper and Shaduf

Greek

Sundial

European

Heavy plough

Chinese

Gunpowder and paper money

Indian

Spinning wheel

Zacharias Janssen

“Father of microscopy”

Galileo Galilei

Telescope

Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright

Engine-powered airplane

John Logie Bird

Television

Nicholas Copernicus

Father of Modern Astronomy

Nicholas Copernicus

He was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system and that the planets circle the sun.

Heliocentrism

Sun-centered solar system with Earth and other planets orbiting around it.

1512

Copernican Model was developed in

heliocentric model

the Sun was the center of the Solar System, with Earth and other planets orbiting around it, known as the

1

It takes _ year for the Earth to orbit the sun.

“On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres”

Book of Copernicus

Daily rotation on its axial
Annual rotation around the Sun
Related to precession

Three motions of the Earth’s Movement

Retrograde Motion

is an optical illusion in the sky caused by planet positions.

Geocentric Model

The earth is the centre of the universe

Ptolemy

Who developed the geocentric model

Geocentric Model

Widely accepted in ancient times and supported by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.

Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton

Scientist involved in the Heliocentric Model

Middle Eastern

also referred to as the Cradle of Civilization due to the emergence of various civilizations in Mesopotamia

Astrolabes

It is an astronomical instrument used from around the 6th century to measure time and position by determining the altitude of heavenly bodies like the Sun and certain stars.

Hammurabi Code

Set of laws established by the Babylonian king Hammurabi around 1754 BCE.

Hammurabi Code

One of the oldest known legal codes and consists of 282 laws inscribed on a basalt stele.

Cuneiform

One of the earliest systems of writing in Middle Eastern

Cuneiform

Began as pictographs and evolved into wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tablets using a stylus.

Sigmund Freud

Known as the ‘Father of Psychoanalysis’ and ‘Father of Modern Psychology’.

Psychoanalysis

a way to treat mental illness and understand human behavior. He believed that childhood experiences shape our adult personality and can cause issues like anxiety.

Psychoanalytic

This approach is built on the premise that people have repressed feelings, desires, and memories hidden deep in their subconscious.

Id

It seeks immediate gratification of basic desires like hunger and pleasure.

Ego

balances these desires with reality, making practical decisions

Superego

balances these desires with reality, making practical decisions,

Id

Represents basic, primal desires such as hunger, sex, and aggression, operating on the "pleasure principle.

Ego

Works on the "reality principle," balancing the id’s desires with the real world and making rational decisions.

Superego

Acts as the moral compass, internalizing society’s rules and ideals.

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual

Libido

Sexual energy that can manifest through different types of behaviors.

Oral

The Mouth - Sucking, Swallowing, etc.

Anal

The Anus - Withholding or expelling faces

Phallic

The Penis or Clitoris - Masturbation

Latent

Little or no sexual motivation present

Genital

The penis or vagina - Sexual intercourse

Fixation

The idea that part of a person's libido is stuck in a particular stage of development through overindulgence or disruption.

tension and pleasure.

Freud (1905) believed that life was built around __

Eros

Freud referred to the life instincts as __. These are also sometimes known as sexual instincts.

Thanatos

Freud referred to the death instincts as ___. Freud followed a concept that suggested that “the goal of all life is death”.

Freudian Slip

also known as parapraxis, refers to an unintentional mistake in speech or behavior that reveals an individual's subconscious thoughts or desires.

Free Association

A therapeutic technique used in psychoanalysis aimed at facilitating the emotional discovery of a client.

Africa

is considered to be both the Mother and Father continent.

Papyrus

Paper was made from ___, and was also introduced by Egyptians.

Architecture & Engineering, Traditional Medicine, Agriculture, Metallurgy

Africans are known for their

Intellectual Revolution

It is a group of events that led to the knowledge we have of Science and Technology today.

scientific thinking

In the Intellectual Revolution it involves

Confucius

was a Chinese philosopher, political figure, and teacher.

Confucius

Emphasized tradition, etiquette, and respect for elders.

The Grand Canal

started during the Song dynasty and completed in 1327, facilitated transportation, trade, and knowledge exchange across China.

China

What Revolution did Fishing Rod, Silk, Compass, Acupuncture, Porcelain

China

What Revolution did woodblock printing, clock tower, movable type printing

Meso-American

What civilization developed the Olmecs, Toltecs

Darwinian Evolution Theory

The fundamental theory that explains how organisms evolve over time.

Darwinian Evolution Theory

First proposed by Charles Darwin in his book "On the Origin of Species.

Natural Selection

What is the main idea in Darwin’s theory

Natural Selection

organisms with traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their beneficial genes to future generations.

Charles Darwin

renowned English naturalist

Charles Darwin

He known for his groundbreaking theory of evolution by naturalvselection

HMS Beagle

Where did Darwin explored various regions and collect specimen

Survival of the fittest

Organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Survival of the fittest

This process leads to the evolution of species, where new species can emerge as populations adapt to their environments.

Fossil Records, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, Biogeography, Molecular Biology

Evidences for Evolution