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What is evolution and what are its key components?
Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over generations due to genetic variation, mutation, gene flow, and natural selection.
What does cell theory state?
Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What is natural selection?
Natural selection is a process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to offspring, leading to adaptation and evolution.
What are the three requirements for natural selection?
Variation among individuals, 2. Differential survival and reproduction, 3. Heritability of advantageous traits.
What is an example of natural selection in action?
The evolution of peppered moths in England from light-colored to dark-colored forms due to industrial pollution.
What is antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant strains.
What evidence supports the theory of evolution?
Evidence includes antibiotic resistance, homology, genetic code universality, vestigial genes, convergent evolution, and biogeography.
What is homology in evolutionary biology?
Homology refers to similar structures in different species due to common ancestry.
What is abiogenesis?
Abiogenesis is the idea that life arose from non-living matter.
What is the RNA World Hypothesis?
The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that RNA was the first genetic material capable of self-replication and catalysis.
What is endosymbiogenesis?
Endosymbiogenesis is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells engulfed by a larger host cell.
What are the major elements used by living organisms?
The major elements are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S).
What are the types of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
What is a triglyceride?
Triglycerides are a type of lipid used for energy storage, composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
What are the four structural levels of proteins?
The four structural levels of proteins are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
What is binary fission?
Binary fission is the process of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell divides into two identical cells.
What is the main function of ATP?
ATP is the main energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biological processes.
What are cofactors and coenzymes?
Cofactors and coenzymes are molecules that assist enzyme activity, helping enzymes to function effectively.
What is feedback inhibition in enzymatic regulation?
Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway.
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