DRRR Reviewer 3rd Mid Qtr

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Disaster

Disaster

- “Sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction.” (Merriam webster dictionary)

Disaster

- “sudden calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society’s ability to cope using its own resources.”

Disaster

- “ a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.”

1. Natural Disaster

2. Man-made Disaster

2 Types of Disaster

Natural Disaster

- Naturally occurring phenomena that can be classified into major and minor disasters.

1. cyclones

2. tsunamis

3. earthquakes

4. volcanic eruptions

5. droughts

5 Major natural disasters

1. thunderstorms

2. heat waves

3. mudslides

4. cold waves

4 Minor natural disasters

Man-made Disaster

- Directly traced to human actions, whether accidental or intentional.

1. Fires

2. Deforestation

3. Epidemic

4. Wars

5. Chemical pollution

5 Major man-made disasters

1. vehicular accidents

2. food poisoning

3. industrial disasters

4. environmental pollution

4 Minor man-made disasters

Iceberg

- Representation of the damages due to a disaster

Iceberg theory

- the direct damages are directly seen and felt while indirect damages continue to be experienced even after the disaster

1. Economic

2. Psychological

3. Physical

4. Sociocultural

5. Political

6. Biological

6 Perspectives on Disaster

Economic

(Perspective on Disaster)

- Disasters can be seen as impediments to economic progress because they can slow down business operations and processes

Psychological

(Perspective on Disaster)

- Disasters can be viewed as causes of mental and physical anguish. This may be in a form of shock, depression, post traumatic stress, and other long-term mental health conditions

Physical

(Perspective on Disaster)

- Disasters may be seen as natural occurrences on the Earth as geological changes happen due to the continuous formation and destruction occurring in the crust

Sociocultural

(Perspective on Disaster)

- Disaster may be seen as a factor that modifies the behavior of people like how people’s reaction to disasters has changed over the years

Political

(Perspective on Disaster)

- The occurrence of a disaster can be viewed as an opportunity for corruption

Biological

(Perspective on Disaster)

- The spread of certain diseases may be prevalent during a disaster

Hazard

- “a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of lives, injuries, or other health problems, property damages, loss of livelihood and services, social, and economic disruptions, or environmental damage” (RA 10121)

Disaster Risk

- The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets that could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period of time

Disaster

- is an unforeseen and uncontrollable event that results in massive destruction and casualties

Disaster risk

- is focused on the likelihood of a community experiencing loss of life, injury, or destruction and damage from a disaster

1. Hazard

2. Exposure

3. Vulnerability

4. Capacity

4 Factors of Disaster Risk

Hazard

- Phenomenon or event that may pose danger to human lives and may cause destruction

Exposure

Degree to which elements (people and properties) are at risk to potential losses due to a particular hazard

Vulnerability

Degree of susceptibility or proneness of a community to the damaging effects of a hazards

Capacity

Ability of community, society, or organization in terms of its available resources, to support the people and to recover

1. Physical Vulnerability

2. Economic Vulnerability

3. Social Vulnerability

4. Attitudinal Vulnerability

4 Types of Vulnerability

Physical Vulnerability

(Type of Vulnerability)

- May be determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of settlement, the site or location, design, and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing

Economic Vulnerability

(Type of Vulnerability)

- The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations

Social Vulnerability

(Type of Vulnerability)

- This refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values

Attitudinal Vulnerability

(Type of Vulnerability)

- a community which has a negative attitude towards change and lacks initiative in life resultantly become more and more dependent on external support

10121

Based on RA ---, the hazard is defined as a “dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of lives”

1. Natural Hazard

2. Man-made Hazard

2 Types of Hazards

Natural Hazard

(Type of Hazard)

- Naturally occurring that has the potential to lead to destructive effects. This hazard is an uncontrollable phenomenon caused by the nature and can be classified into geological and hydrometeorological

Man-made Hazard

(Type of Hazard)

- Due to human actions that brings harm whether intentional or unintentional.

Anthropogenic hazard

Man-made Hazard is also referred to as ---

1. Sociological Hazards

2. Technological Hazards

2 kinds of Anthropogenic Hazards

Sociological hazards

– created intentionally or unintentionally by people and inflict harm on a certain part of society.

- Examples include terrorism and arson

Technological Hazards

- originate from technological and industrial accidents like structural collapse and chemical spills

1. Physical Elements

2. Environmental Elements

3. Social Elements

4. Economic Elements

4 Elements Exposed to Hazards

Physical Elements

(Element Exposed to Hazards)

- The location and physical environment of the Philippines place the country at risk to natural hazards

Circum-Pacific belt

- an area where 90% of the world’s earthquakes happened and three-fourths of known active volcanoes are found

Environmental Elements

(Element Exposed to Hazards)

- Loss of rainforests and alteration of natural landforms exposes the Philippines to natural hazards

Social Elements

(Element Exposed to Hazards)

- Urbanization makes the Philippines exposed to hazards

Economic Elements

(Element Exposed to Hazards)

- Agricultural and fishery sectors are 2 economic elements that make the country exposed to hazards

1. Atmospheric

2. Hydrologic

3. Technologic

4. Geologic

5. Biologic

5 Specific Types of Hazards

Geological Hazards

Large scale, complex natural events that happen on land (University of Washington, 2017)

Includes: Earthquake hazards, Volcanic hazards, Landslide, Sinkhole

Earthquake

- Rumblings, shaking of the ground, or rolling of the earth’s surface

- A weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface

Seismicity

- The type, magnitude, and rate of occurrence of earthquakes in a particular area over time

1. Tectonic earthquake

2. Volcanic earthquake

3. Collapse earthquake

4. Explosion earthquake

4 Types of Earthquakes

Tectonic earthquake

(Type of Earthquake)

- Due to the movement of faults and plate boundaries

Volcanic earthquake

(Type of Earthquake)

- Due to explosive volcanic activity

Explosion earthquake

(Type of Earthquake)

- Due to explosion of chemical or nuclear devices

Magnitude

- Proportional to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus

Seismograph

the Magnitude of an earthquake is calculated with the use of an instrument called ---

Richter magnitude scale

- is used to determine the magnitude of an earthquake

Intensity

- Strength of an earthquake perceived and felt by people

- Numerical rating is based on the relative effects to people, objects, environment, and structures

Roman numerals

The intensity is represented by ---

PHILVOCS Earthquake Intensity Scale

Meaning of PEIS

1. Ground Shaking

2. Ground rupture

3. Liquefaction

4. Earthquake– induced ground subsidence

5. Tsunami

6. Earthquake – induced landslide

6 Earthquake Hazards

Ground shaking

- The vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Most earthquake damage results from the shaking caused by seismic waves passing beneath buildings, roads, and other structures

Ground rupture

- An offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the earth’s surface

Liquefaction

- Describes the way in which soil liquefies during ground shaking.

- It takes place in water-saturated soil and sediments that an earthquake greatly disturbs

Earthquake– induced ground subsidence

- A movement that occurs along faults can be horizontal or vertical or have a component of both.

Tsunami

- Long wavelength oceanic waves generated by the sudden displacement of seawater by a shallow earthquake

Earthquake – induced landslide

- Earthquakes can trigger landslides, especially in areas with water-saturated soils, a common characteristic of Cascadia